Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29856474›Full record

ArticleThe New phytologist2018

Ultrastructure and optics of the prism-like petal epidermal cells of Eschscholzia californica (California poppy).

Bodo D Wilts, Paula J Rudall, Edwige Moyroud, Tom Gregory, Yu Ogawa, Silvia Vignolini, Ullrich Steiner, Beverley J Glover

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The New phytologist, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Infrared absorbers inspired by nature.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025
    Review
  5. Evolution and development of complex floral displays.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024
    Review
  6. Article
  7. California poppy (Frontiers in plant science · 2023
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Corrigendum.The New phytologist · 2022
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Vividly coloured poppy flowers due to dense pigmentation and strong scattering in thin petals.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2019
    Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bodo D WiltsAdolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2727-7128
Paula J RudallRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4816-1212
Edwige MoyroudDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7908-3205
Tom GregoryRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK.
Yu OgawaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0677-7913
Silvia VignoliniCavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0664-1418
Ullrich SteinerAdolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5936-339X
Beverley J GloverDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6393-819X

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/K014617/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The petals of Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) are robust, pliable and typically coloured intensely orange or yellow owing to the presence of carotenoid pigments; they are also highly reflective at certain angles, producing a silky effect. To understand the mechanisms behind colour enhancement and reflectivity in California poppy, which represents a model species among early-divergent eudicots, we explored the development, ultrastructure, pigment composition and optical properties of the petals using light microscopy and electron microscopy combined with both spectrophotometry and goniometry. The elongated petal epidermal cells each possess a densely thickened prism-like ridge that is composed primarily of cell wall. The surface ridges strongly focus incident light onto the pigments, which are located in plastids at the cell base. Our results indicate that this highly unusual, deeply ridged surface structure not only enhances the deep colour response in this desert species, but also results in strongly angle-dependent 'silky' reflectivity that is anisotropic and mostly directional.

Indexed as

Optical PhenomenaEpidermal CellsEschscholziaFlowersPigments, BiologicalPlant EpidermisTemperaturePigments, Biologicalcarotenoidscell wallflower petalslight scatteringprism

Identifiers

PMID29856474
PMCPMC6055853

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.