Observational studyGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2018
Safety and long-term efficacy of repeated dexamethasone intravitreal implants for the treatment of cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion with or without a switch to anti-VEGF agents: a 3-year experience.
Observational study in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison between Ozurdex and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for retinal vein occlusion-related macular edema: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2019Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of ranibizumab combined with dexamethasone intravitreal implant versus ranibizumab monotherapy for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a 12-month prospective, randomized study.International ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Frequency-dependent risk of steroid-induced ocular hypertension.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Review
- Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Early Versus Late Switching to Dexamethasone Implants in Macular Edema Related to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: Real-World Evidence.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global trends in retinal vein occlusion studies from 2004 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Efficacy of Conbercept and Dexamethasone Implants Sequentially in the Treatment of Refractory Macular Edema Secondary to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO): A One-Year Follow-Up Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Real-life medium term follow-up data for intravitreal dexamethasone implant in retinal vein occlusion.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Baseline clinical features predict visual outcome in young patients with central retinal vein occlusion.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2020Article
- Simultaneous intravitreal dexamethasone and aflibercept for refractory macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2020Article
- Protective effects of hydrogen gas in a rat model of branch retinal vein occlusion via decreasing VEGF-α expression.BMC ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Long-term Results of Ranibizumab, Dexamethasone Implant, and Triamcinolone in Macular Edema due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.Beyoglu eye journal · 2019Article
- Response to safety and long-term efficacy of repeated dexamethasone intravitreal implant for the treatment of cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion with and without a switch to anti-VEGF agents: a 3-year experience.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2018Article
- Safety and long-term efficacy of repeated dexamethasone intravitreal implant for the treatment of cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion with and without a switch to anti-VEGF agents: a 3-year experience.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2018Article
- Comparison of changes in number of hyperreflective dots after intravitreal ranibizumab or dexamethasone implant in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated dexamethasone intravitreal implants (DEX implants) over 3 years in eyes with macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
methodsWe conducted a 3-year, retrospective, multicenter study that included adult patients with ME secondary to BRVO or CRVO treated with first-line DEX implants. Patients were divided into two different subgroups: patients who received DEX implant injections only (group 1) and those who received DEX implants first and then were switched to anti-VEGF agents (group 2). Primary endpoints were changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline to month 6 and month 36. Secondary endpoints included changes in both BCVA and CRT after each DEX implant and adverse events, particularly cataract extraction and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).
resultsSixty-six patients with a median [IQR (interquartile ratio)] age of 72 [65.0; 81.1] years were included (40.9% BRVO, 59.1% CRVO), who received a median of 5.0 [min, 1.0; max, 10.0] DEX implants over 3 years. Median [IQR] time to retreatment was 4.8 [4.2; 6.0] months. The median [IQR] improvements in BCVA from baseline until months 6 and 36 were respectively + 10.0 [0; + 20.0] letters (P = 0.040) and + 10.0 [- 8.7; + 20.0] letters (P = 0.364) in the whole population. In group 1, the results were similar, whereas in group 2, BCVA significantly increased at M36 compared with baseline (P = 0.003). The median [IQR] CRT reductions from baseline to months 6 and 36 were respectively - 227.5 [- 337.0; - 52.7] μm and - 224.0 [- 405.0; - 83.8] μm (P < 0.001) in the whole population. Results were similar in both groups. The most common adverse events were cataract extraction (70.4%) and elevated IOP (54.5%). No other serious local complications were observed. Treatment was switched to anti-VEGF agents in 16 (24.2%) patients.
conclusionsDEX implants are an effective treatment for BRVO and CRVO-associated ME over 3 years. It is a valid treatment even though complications remain frequent. However, functional efficacy seems to decrease with time and repeated injections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.