Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29852341›Full record

ArticlePublic health2018

Differences in all-cause hospitalisation by ethnic group: a data linkage cohort study of 4.62 million people in Scotland, 2001-2013.

L D Gruer, A D Millard, L J Williams, R S Bhopal, S V Katikireddi, G I Cézard, D Buchanan, A F Douglas, M F C Steiner, A Sheikh

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

L D GruerUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: gruer.health@gmail.com.
A D MillardPublic Health Science Directorate, NHS Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
L J WilliamsUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK.
R S BhopalUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK.
S V KatikireddiMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, UK.
G I CézardPopulation and Health Research Group, University of St Andrews, UK.
D BuchananInformation Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, UK.
A F DouglasUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK.
M F C SteinerDepartment of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, UK.
A SheikhUsher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK.
University of Edinburgh · GBFarr Institute · GBMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit · GBNational Health Service Scotland · GBPublic Health Scotland · GBUniversity of Aberdeen · GBUniversity of St Andrews · GB

Funding

Chief Scientist Office CZH/4/648Chief Scientist Office SCAF/15/02Chief Scientist Office SPHSU13Chief Scientist Office SPHSU15Medical Research Council MC_UU_12017/13Medical Research Council MC_UU_12017/15
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesImmigration into Europe has raised contrasting concerns about increased pressure on health services and equitable provision of health care to immigrants or ethnic minorities. Our objective was to find out if there were important differences in hospital use between the main ethnic groups in Scotland. STUDY

designA census-based data linkage cohort study.

methodsWe anonymously linked Scotland's Census 2001 records for 4.62 million people, including their ethnic group, to National Health Service general hospitalisation records for 2001-2013. We used Poisson regression to calculate hospitalisation rate ratios (RRs) in 14 ethnic groups, presented as percentages of the White Scottish reference group (RR = 100), for males and females separately. We adjusted for age and socio-economic status and compared those born in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland (UK/RoI) with elsewhere. We calculated mean lengths of hospital stay.

results9.79 million hospital admissions were analysed. Compared with the White Scottish, unadjusted RRs for both males and females in most groups were about 50-90, e.g. Chinese males 49 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 45-53) and Indian females 76 (95% CI 71-81). The exceptions were White Irish, males 120 (95% CI 117-124) and females 115 (95% CI 112-119) and Caribbean females, 103 (95% CI 85-126). Adjusting for age increased the RRs for most groups towards or above the reference. Socio-economic status had little effect. In many groups, those born outside the UK/RoI had lower admission rates. Unadjusted mean lengths of stay were substantially lower in most ethnic minorities.

conclusionsUse of hospital beds in Scotland by most ethnic minorities was lower than by the White Scottish majority, largely explained by their younger average age. Other countries should use similar methods to assess their own experience.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedCensusesCohort StudiesEthnicityFemaleHospitalizationHumansInformation Storage and RetrievalMaleMiddle AgedScotlandYoung AdultData linkage cohortEthnic groupsHospitalisationScotland

Identifiers

PMID29852341
PMCPMC6085114
OpenAlexW2804785958

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.