ArticleAIDS patient care and STDs2018
Metabolic Syndrome Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Versus Experienced HIV-Infected Patients Without Preexisting Cardiometabolic Disorders in Western Kenya.
Article in AIDS patient care and STDs, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal shifts in antiretroviral therapy regimens and metabolic outcomes in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.HIV medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review assessing body mass index and waist circumference as predictors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Determinants of metabolic syndrome in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Does Engagement in HIV Care Affect Screening, Diagnosis, and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and influences of diabetes and prediabetes among adults living with HIV in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in African populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome among ART Naïve people living with HIV in Accra, Ghana: a multicenter cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on first-line antiretroviral therapy in scarce-resource settings: an evidence from Tanzanian facility-based survey.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndrome among a Ghanaian cohort living with HIV initiated on dolutegravir in a real-world setting: a prospective study.BMJ open · 2025Observational
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people living with HIV and its multi-organ damage: a prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Additive Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Brain Atrophy in People Living with HIV-Magnetic Resonance Volumetry Study.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Forecasting and validating fat mass ratio models through anthropometric measurements and health-related factors among people with HIV: a cross-sectional investigation.Annals of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Inflammation in HIV and Its Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation research · 2024Review
- The burden of non-communicable diseases among people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- The association of aspartate transaminase-to-alanine transaminase ratio and metabolic syndrome among HIV patients in Sidama Region, South Ethiopia.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Metabolic syndrome among treatment-naïve people living with and without HIV in Zambia and Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among HIV Infected Patients on Anti-Retroviral Treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals withMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome in Persons with HIV.Current hypertension reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors, is increasingly common in people living with HIV; however, data on prevalence and the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as a risk factor for MetS in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and risk factors for MetS among ART-naive and ART-experienced HIV-infected adults without preexisting cardiometabolic disorders in Western Kenya using validated questionnaires and laboratory tests after overnight fasting. We used logistic regression to identify associations between traditional risk factors, HIV disease characteristics, ART, and MetS. Study participants included 164 ART-experienced patients, majority (56%) on tenofovir/lamivudine/nevirapine regimen, and 136 ART-naive patients. The median age was 40 (interquartile range, 33-46) years and 64% were women. Median HIV infection and ART use were 4.6 (1.7-7.9) and 4.8 (2.7-7.8) years, respectively. Prevalence of MetS did not differ between ART-experienced (16.9%) and -naive (15.2%) groups. ART-experienced patients had higher rates of elevated fasting blood sugars and lower rates of low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. The prevalence of abnormal waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, and hypertriglyceridemia were comparable between the two groups. Older age, female sex, and high body mass index were independently associated with diagnosis of MetS. Traditional risk factors rather than ART-related effects were more important predictors of MetS in this cohort and may have been influenced by ART type and exclusion of preexisting hypertension and diabetes. HIV-infected patients without preexisting cardiometabolic disorders should be monitored for metabolic abnormalities regardless of ART.
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