Trial reportScientific reports2018
Increase lipid tear thickness after botulinum neurotoxin A injection in patients with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03888183 (Short-term Supplemental Effect of Preservative-free Low-dose Hyaluronic Acid-containing Salt Solution on Dry Eye Disease - A Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Controlled Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short-term Supplemental Effect of Preservative-free Low-dose Hyaluronic Acid-containing Salt Solution on Dry Eye Disease - A Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Controlled Trial
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface.The ocular surface · 2023Pooled it
- Lid wiper epitheliopathy and ocular surface dysfunction in benign essential blepharospasm before and after botulinum toxin-A injection.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The Comparative Study of the Effects of Botulinum Toxin Micro-droplet Injection Combined with Micro-crosslinked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel or Focused Ultrasound Technology in Facial Rejuvenation Treatment.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Short-Term Effects on Tear Film Following Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Injections in Healthy Individuals.Cureus · 2025Article
- Relations between nonmotor manifestations and motor disorders in patients with benign essential blepharospasm.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Tear meniscus, corneal topographic and aberrometric changes after botulinum toxin-a injection in patients with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm.International ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Dry Eye Disease in Hemifacial Spasm Patients Treated with Botulinum Toxin Type A.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Determination of Tear Lipid Film Thickness Based on a Reflected Placido Disk Tear Film Analyzer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Characteristics of tear abnormalities associated with benign essential blepharospasm and amelioration by means of botulinum toxin type A treatment.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- A Review of Periocular Botulinum Neurotoxin on the Tear Film Homeostasis and the Ocular Surface Change.Toxins · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) and aqueous tear production after botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT) injection in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). Eleven and six patients with BEB and HFS, respectively, who received BoNT injection were consecutively enrolled in this prospective study. The blepharospasm disability index (BSDI), blink pattern, dry eye symptoms, Schirmer test 1 findings, LLT, eyelid performance, and corneal integrity were evaluated before and after treatment. Both BEB and HSF patients experienced remarkable relief from spasms and ocular discomfort after BoNT injection. LLT, the partial blink rate, the snap-back time, the lid distraction distance, and lateral canthal laxity were significantly increased at 1 month after treatment. There were no significant changes in Schirmer test 1 findings and meibomian gland dropout. Our findings suggest that LLT, a decisive factor for tear film stability, significantly increases at 1 month after BoNT injection for BEB and HFS. A decrease in BSDI and an increase in the snap-back time may contribute to the increase in LLT; this mechanism is probably responsible for the relief from dryness after BoNT injection in patients with facial movement disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.