ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2018
Micronutrients in Human Milk: Analytical Methods.
Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calcium, zinc, and vitamin D in breast milk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation in rural Pakistan increased some milk micronutrient concentrations, but not infant growth, at three-months postpartum: a randomized controlled trial substudy.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Macro- and Micronutrients in Milk from Healthy Cambodian Mothers: Status and Interrelations.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Analysis of zinc and copper levels in very low birth weight infants using human milk additives: phase 1 trial findings.Jornal de pediatriaTrial
- Microbial Biomarkers of Breast Tumor and Mastitis: Deciphering the Delicate Balance between Potentially "Evil" and "Benign" Alliances in Mammary Microbiomes.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Rapid Colorimetric Method for Determining Calcium, Inorganic Phosphorus, and Zinc in Human Milk Using Clinical Laboratory Reagents.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Article
- The Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality (MILQ) Study: Introduction and Study Design.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Future Applications of Human Milk Reference Values for Nutrients: A Global Resource for Maternal and Child Nutrition Research.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Review
- Reference Values for B Vitamins in Human Milk: The Mothers, Infants and Lactation Quality (MILQ) Study.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Holder Pasteurization on Macronutrients, Vitamins, Minerals, and Bioactive Factors in Human Milk Processed in a Milk Bank Setting.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Challenges and Opportunities in Quantifying Bioactive Compounds in Human Breastmilk.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Dietary intake and growth of HIV exposed and unexposed 6-12 months old infants in South Africa.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between breastfeeding duration and educational attainment in rural Southwest Uganda: a population-based cohort study.Global health action · 2024Article
- Observational
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child's Health and Development, Literature Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Human Milk Nutrient Composition Data is Critically Lacking in the United States and Canada: Results from a Systematic Scoping Review of 2017-2022.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended by the WHO for the first 6 mo of life because human milk protects against gastrointestinal infections and supplies balanced and adequate nutrient contents to the infant. However, reliable data on micronutrient concentrations in human milk are sparse, especially because some micronutrients are affected by maternal diet. Microbiological and competitive protein-binding assays, nuclear magnetic resonance or inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and chromatographic analyses are among the methods that have been applied to human-milk micronutrient analysis. However, the validation or evaluation of analytical methods in terms of their suitability for the complex human-milk matrix has been commonly ignored in reports, even though the human-milk matrix differs vastly from blood, plasma, or urine matrixes. Thus, information on the validity, accuracy, and sensitivity of the methods is essential for the estimation of infant and maternal intake requirements to support and maintain adequate milk micronutrient concentrations for healthy infant growth and development. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on methods used for analyzing water- and fat-soluble vitamins as well as iron, copper, zinc, iodine, and selenium in human milk and their different forms in milk; the tools available for quality control and assurance; and guidance for preanalytical considerations. Finally, we recommend preferred methodologic approaches for analysis of specific milk micronutrients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.