ReviewBone research2018
Paracrine and endocrine actions of bone-the functions of secretory proteins from osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
Review in Bone research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 298 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
298 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 541 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with bone health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Research progress in the pathogenesis of hormone-induced femoral head necrosis based on microvessels: a systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Dimethyloxalylglycine on Stem Cells Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Tissue Regeneration-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Pro-Osteogenic Effect of the Nutraceutical BlastiMin ComplexInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- Biomaterials at the interface of bone-derived factors and inter-organ communication: Current evidence and future perspectives.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of Stemness and Differentiation Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Permanent and Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study to Evaluate Implications for Regenerative Dentistry.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Skeletal stem and progenitor cell niche organization, regulation and repair.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Tumor-derived CTHRC1 mediates ITGB3-dependent osteoclast differentiation to promote prostate cancer bone metastasis.Oncogene · 2026Article
- PIEZO Channels in Metabolism and Metabolic Diseases: Research Advances and Therapeutic Strategies.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- A composite hydrogel enables the spatiotemporal delivery of distinct cytokines to drive the native vascularized bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Higher osteocalcin levels are associated with preserved β-cell function in early-established type 1 diabetes.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Metabolic checkpoints in bone remodeling: from dysregulation to targeted therapies.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Review
- GPNMBCell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Functionalizing biomaterials for osseointegration - microRNAs at the crossroads of bone formation and immune modulation.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- Blood and lymphatic vascular network in bone injury repair: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Bone‑origin repair in diabetic foot ulcers: Mechanisms of callus formation and endocrine effects in healing (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Potentials of BMSCs for regulating osteogenic-vascular-neural-lymphatic coupling in bone regeneration.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Article
- Molecular-level understanding of the aging bone and regeneration mechanisms using computational methods.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between bone and vasculature within bone.Fundamental research · 2026Review
238 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts exert regulation on osteoblastogenesis, osteclastogenesis, and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Osteoblasts secrete a range of different molecules including RANKL/OPG, M-CSF, SEMA3A, WNT5A, and WNT16 that regulate osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblasts also produce VEGFA that stimulates osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. Osteocytes produce sclerostin (SOST) that inhibits osteoblast differentiation and promotes osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts secrete factors including BMP6, CTHRC1, EFNB2, S1P, WNT10B, SEMA4D, and CT-1 that act on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and thereby influenceaA osteogenesis. Osteoclast precursors produce the angiogenic factor PDGF-BB to promote the formation of Type H vessels, which then stimulate osteoblastogenesis. Besides, the evidences over the past decades show that at least three hormones or "osteokines" from bone cells have endocrine functions. FGF23 is produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes and can regulate phosphate metabolism. Osteocalcin (OCN) secreted by osteoblasts regulates systemic glucose and energy metabolism, reproduction, and cognition. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is secreted by osteoblasts and can influence energy metabolism by suppressing appetite in the brain. We review the recent progresses in the paracrine and endocrine functions of the secretory proteins of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, revealing connections of the skeleton with other tissues and providing added insights into the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases affecting multiple organs and the drug discovery process.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.