ArticleBMC urology2018
Penile cancer in Maranhão, Northeast Brazil: the highest incidence globally?
Article in BMC urology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA among Men with Oropharyngeal and Anogenital Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Pooled it
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- Survivin and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression in penile squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological features and overall survival.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Keratinizing Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Chronic Balanoposthitis in an Uncircumcised Diabetic Man: A Case Report from a Rural Tertiary Hospital in Uganda.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Penile cancer in French Guiana: Epidemiology, histopathology and clinical aspects.BJUI compass · 2025Article
- Expression profile of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in penile cancer.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- PCPAm - A dataset of histopathological images of penile cancer for classification tasks.Data in brief · 2025Article
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- Molecular characterization of metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma in developing countries and its impact on clinical outcomes: LACOG 2018 translational study.The oncologist · 2025Article
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- Cyclin D1 expression in penile cancer.Oncotarget · 2024Article
- Penile Cancer Mortality in Brazil: Are We Making Progress?JCO global oncology · 2024Article
- Human papillomavirus infection affects the immune microenvironment and antigen presentation in penile cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Prognostic utility of SOX2, STAT3, and CD44Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Observational
- Epidemiological study of penile cancer in a northeastern state - Brazil.Revista do Colegio Brasileiro de Cirurgioes · 2023Article
- A machine learning-based model for predicting the risk of early-stage inguinal lymph node metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.Frontiers in surgery · 2023Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage in Northeast Brazil, 2013-2021: a descriptive study.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2023Article
- HPV infection and 5mC/5hmC epigenetic markers in penile squamous cell carcinoma: new insights into prognostics.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Article
- A comprehensive analysis of penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence reveals new insights into the disease.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in penile cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Review
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12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe objectives of this study were to determine the minimum incidence of penile cancer in the poorest Brazilian state, and to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with the disease.
methodsA retrospective study of 392 patients diagnosed with penile cancer in the three most important referral center in the state was conducted during 2004-2014.
resultsThe age-standardized incidence was 6.15 per 100,000 and the crude annual incidence was 1.18 per 100,000. More than half (61.1%) of the tumors were histological grades 2 and 3, and 66.4% of tumors were classified as at least stage T2. The average age of patients was 58.6 ± 15.7 years (range, 18 to 103 years), with 20.8% of patients ≤40 years of age at diagnosis. The vast majority underwent penectomy (93%). Only 41.8% underwent lymphadenectomy, 58 patients (14.8%) received chemotherapy, and 54 patients (13.8%) received radiotherapy. Stage 3/4 and vascular invasion were statically significant at disease-free survival analysis.
conclusionThe state of Maranhão has the highest incidence of penile cancer in Brazil and globally. Tumors are locally advanced and at the time of diagnosis, and there is a high frequency among young individuals. Patients have a low socioeconomic status, making it difficult to complete treatment and receive appropriate follow-up.
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