Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29808382›Full record

SynthesisJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2018

Cross border reproductive care (CBRC): a growing global phenomenon with multidimensional implications (a systematic and critical review).

Mahmoud Salama, Vladimir Isachenko, Evgenia Isachenko, Gohar Rahimi, Peter Mallmann, Lynn M Westphal, Marcia C Inhorn, Pasquale Patrizio

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Review
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  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Current legal standpoint on surrogacy in Hungary.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Mapping Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) of gamete donation.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mahmoud SalamaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener St. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany. eaims_gm@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-8018
Vladimir IsachenkoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener St. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
Evgenia IsachenkoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener St. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
Gohar RahimiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener St. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
Peter MallmannDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener St. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
Lynn M WestphalDepartment of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Marcia C InhornDepartment of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Pasquale PatrizioDepartment of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Wellcome Trust 209829/Z/17/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMany people travel abroad to access fertility treatments. This growing phenomenon is known as cross border reproductive care (CBRC) or fertility tourism. Due to its complex nature and implications worldwide, CBRC has become an emerging dilemma deserving more attention on the global healthcare agenda.

methodsAccording to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of the literature was performed for all relevant full-text articles published in PubMed in English during the past 18 years to explore CBRC phenomenon in the new millennium.

resultsLittle is known about the accurate magnitude and scope of CBRC around the globe. In this systematic and critical review, we identify three major dimensions of CBRC: legal, economic, and ethical. We analyze each of these dimensions from clinical and practical perspectives.

conclusionCBRC is a growing reality worldwide with potential benefits and risks. Therefore, it is very crucial to regulate the global market of CBRC on legal, economic, and ethical bases in order to increase harmonization and reduce any forms of exploitation. Establishment of accurate international statistics and a global registry will help diminish the current information gap surrounding the CBRC phenomenon.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health CareFemaleFertilityFertilization in VitroHumansInfertilityMaleMedical TourismReproductionReproductive Techniques, AssistedCross border reproductive careEmbryo donationFertility preservationFertility tourismOocyte donationSperm donationSurrogacy

Identifiers

PMID29808382
PMCPMC6063838

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.