ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2019
Chronic low-grade peripheral inflammation is associated with ultra resistant schizophrenia. Results from the FACE-SZ cohort.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immunological predictors in first-episode psychosis: findings from one-year prospective follow-up study.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Article
- Alterations in GABAergic Interneurons, Neuroinflammation, and Epigenetics: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Strategies in Schizophrenia.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune Interactions in Stress and Depression: Exploring the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms within the Neuroinflammation-depression Nexus.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Article
- Lights and shadows of clozapine on the immune system in schizophrenia: a narrative literature review.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on Psychiatric Patients: The Role of Vaccination, Comorbidities, and Biomarkers in Clinical Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Serum autoantibodies against α7-nicotinic receptors in subgroups of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia: clinical features and link with peripheral inflammation.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Quality of Life and C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Alpha psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Cellular Dysfunction of the Brain-Blood Barrier from Endothelial Cells to Astrocytes: The Pathway towards Neurotransmitter Impairment in Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Patterns of C-reactive protein trends during clozapine titration and the onset of clozapine-induced inflammation: a case series of weekly and daily C-reactive protein monitoring.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia and Its Augmentation with Electroconvulsive Therapy in Ultra-Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP): A Potent Inflammation Biomarker in Psychiatric Disorders.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- The Strategy of Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Altered extracellular mRNA communication in postpartum depression is associated with decreased autophagy.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Haptoglobin in ultra-high risk of psychosis - Findings from the longitudinal youth at risk study (LYRIKS).Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Progress and Pitfalls in Developing Agents to Treat Neurocognitive Deficits Associated with Schizophrenia.CNS drugs · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: The Key Role of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A Cross-Sectional Study on Associations Between BDNF, CRP, IL-6 and Clinical Symptoms, Cognitive and Personal Performance in Patients With Paranoid Schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 15 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A high rate of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) does not sufficiently respond to antipsychotic medication, which is associated with relapses and poor outcomes. Chronic peripheral inflammation has been repeatedly associated with schizophrenia risk and particularly to poor responders to treatment as usual with cognitive impairment in SZ subjects. The objective of present study was to confirm if ultra resistance to treatment in schizophrenia (UTRS) was associated to chronic peripheral inflammation in a non-selected sample of community-dwelling outpatients with schizophrenia. Participants were consecutively included in the network of the FondaMental Expert Centers for Schizophrenia and received a thorough clinical assessment, including recording of current treatment. Current psychotic symptomatology was evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS). UTRS was defined by current clozapine treatment + PANSS total score ≥ 70. Functioning was evaluated by the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. High sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) was measured for each participant as a proxy to define peripheral low-grade inflammation. 609 stabilized community-dwelling SZ subjects (mean age = 32.5 years, 73.6% male gender) have been included. 60 (9.9%) patients were classified in the UTRS group. In multivariate analyses, UTRS has been associated independently with chronic peripheral inflammation (OR = 2.6 [1.2-5.7], p = 0.01), illness duration (0R = 1.1 [1.0-1.2], p = 0.02) and impaired functioning (OR = 0.9 [0.9-0.9], p = 0.0002) after adjustment for age, sex, current daily tobacco smoking, metabolic syndrome and antidepressant consumption. Peripheral low-grade inflammation is associated with UTRS. Future studies should explore if anti-inflammatory strategies are effective in UTRS with chronic low-grade peripheral inflammation.
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