ArticleEnvironmental research2018
Associations of maternal exposure to triclosan, parabens, and other phenols with prenatal maternal and neonatal thyroid hormone levels.
Article in Environmental research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of Triclosan on the Thyroid Hormone System in Humans - A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Triclosan and Maternal Thyroid Hormone Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Halogenated Phenolic Ingredients of Household and Personal Care Products Modulate Thyroid Receptor Signaling.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Protective role of baicalin against methylparaben-induced reproductive toxicity: Insights into hormonal and enzymatic regulation.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Examining the association between gestational phenol exposure and infant non-nutritive suck in two Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohorts.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Gestational exposures to mixtures of multiple chemical classes and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Exposure profiles to Benzophenones and their impacts on thyroid hormones in pregnant women.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Impact of endocrine disrupting chemical exposure on thyroid disruption and oxidative stress in early pregnancy.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and childhood atopic dermatitis: epidemiological evidence.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- High-dose exposure to butylparaben impairs thyroid ultrastructure and function in rats.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Associations of urinary non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical biomarkers with early-to-mid pregnancy plasma sex-steroid and thyroid hormones.Environment international · 2024Article
- Environmental Endocrinology: Parabens Hazardous Effects on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Assessing urinary phenol and paraben mixtures in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Phenol and Phthalate Effects on Thyroid Hormone Levels during Pregnancy: Relying onEnvironmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Safety in Cosmetics and Cosmetovigilance, Current Regulations in Türkiye.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Article
- Triclosan and Its Consequences on the Reproductive, Cardiovascular and Thyroid Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Environmental exposures to pesticides, phthalates, phenols and trace elements are associated with neurodevelopment in the CHARGE study.Environment international · 2022Article
- Effect of Maternal Triclosan Exposure on Neonatal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of environmental and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Environmental phenols and parabens are commonly used in personal care products and other consumer products and human exposure to these chemicals is widespread. Although human and animal studies suggest an association between exposure to phenols and parabens and thyroid hormone levels, few studies have investigated the association of in utero exposure to these chemicals and thyroid hormones in pregnant women and their neonates. We measured four environmental phenols (triclosan, benzophenone-3, and 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol), and three parabens (methyl-, propyl-, and butyl paraben) in urine collected from mothers at two time points during pregnancy as part of the CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas) study. We measured free thyroxine (T4), total T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in serum of the pregnant women (N = 454) and TSH in their neonates (N = 365). We examined potential confounding by a large number of additional chemical exposures and used Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to select the most influential chemicals to include in regression models. We observed negative associations of prenatal urinary concentrations of propyl paraben and maternal TSH (β for two-fold increase = -3.26%, 95% CI: -5.55, -0.90) and negative associations of 2,4-dichlorophenol and maternal free T4 (β for two-fold increase = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02), after controlling for other chemical exposures. We observed negative associations of triclosan with maternal total T4 after controlling for demographic variables, but this association became non-significant after controlling for other chemicals (β for two-fold increase = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.11, 0.00). We found evidence that environmental phenols and parabens are associated with lower TSH and free T4 in pregnant women after controlling for related chemical exposures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.