Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29802358›Full record

ArticleModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc2018

IDO expression in breast cancer: an assessment of 281 primary and metastatic cases with comparison to PD-L1.

Erik A Dill, Patrick M Dillon, Timothy N Bullock, Anne M Mills

Open access · bronzeAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The immunotherapeutic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2021
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. NSABP B-41, a Randomized Neoadjuvant Trial: Genes and Signatures Associated with Pathologic Complete Response.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020
    Trial
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  10. Clinical development of therapeutic mRNA applications.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Erik A DillUniversity of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Patrick M DillonUniversity of Virginia Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Timothy N BullockUniversity of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Anne M MillsUniversity of Virginia Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. amm7r@virgnia.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2686-4857
University of Virginia · US

Funding

Women's Oncology Program - WONP30CA044579 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE · PI Thomas P. Loughran · 1987 to 2026
$72.1M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The immune inhibitory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been associated with immune evasion in numerous malignancies and may mark these cancers as susceptible to anti-IDO therapies. We herein address IDO expression in breast cancers, examine the relationship between IDO and PD-L1, and investigate IDO fidelity across breast cancer primaries and metastases. IDO and PD-L1 expression was assessed in tissue microarrays containing 242 invasive primary breast cancers, 20 nodal metastases, and 19 distant metastases. IDO and PD-L1 were scored by extent in the tumor cells and immune infiltrate. Tumor IDO staining was seen in 14% of primaries including 38% of triple-negative cancers. IDO immune cell staining was seen in 14% of primaries and 29% of triple-negative cancers. Tumoral IDO and PD-L1 co-expression was seen in 8% of primaries, including 70% of tumoral PD-L1-positive cases. Immune IDO and PD-L1 co-expression was identified in 14% of primaries, including 48% of immune PD-L1-positive cases. Tumoral and immune cell IDO was conserved in 94% of matched primary/metastasis. In summary, IDO expression is common among high-grade, triple-negative breast cancers and is frequently associated with PD-L1 co-expression, suggesting that IDO might be a mechanism of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy resistance and that dual therapy may be of utility. Tumoral and immune cell IDO expression shows fidelity between primary and metastatic sites in treatment-naïve cancers, arguing against IDO as an independent driver for metastatic spread. Clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of IDO inhibition relative to IDO expression, as well as its possible role in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.

Indexed as

B7-H1 AntigenBiomarkers, TumorBreast NeoplasmsFemaleHumansIndoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-DioxygenaseB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkers, TumorCD274 protein, humanIndoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase

Identifiers

PMID29802358
OpenAlexW2804020683

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.