ArticleHarm reduction journal2018
"Who has ever loved a drug addict? It's a lie. They think a 'teja' is as bad person": multiple stigmas faced by women who inject drugs in coastal Kenya.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Stigma towards people who use drugs: A case vignette study in methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China.The International journal on drug policy · 2019Trial
- Navigating stigma: a qualitative study of barriers to opioid treatment engagement in Tanzania.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2025Article
- Pre-treatment loss to follow-up and associated factors among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients diagnosed in Wakiso district, central Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Characteristics of women on opioid substitution therapy in primary healthcare in Tshwane (South Africa): a retrospective observational study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Family Perspectives on Stigma Toward Women Who Use Drugs in Tanzania.Issues in mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Experiences of women who inject Nyaope residing in the City of Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2025Article
- Intersectional Stigma, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Depression, and ART Adherence Among Women Living with HIV Who Engage in Substance Use: A Latent Class Serial Mediation Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Adapting a health facility HIV stigma-reduction participatory training intervention to address drug use stigma in HIV care and treatment clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Prevalence and correlates of violence among sexual and injecting partners of people who inject drugs living with HIV in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Translation and cultural adaptation of drug use stigma and HIV stigma measures among people who use drugs in Tanzania.PloS one · 2023Article
- Challenges and best practices for hepatitis C care among people who inject drugs in resource limited settings: focus group discussions with healthcare providers in Kenya.Global public health · 2022Article
- Helping Women Suffering from Drug Addiction: Needs, Barriers, and Challenges.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Factors associated with smoking and transitioning to nyaope injection amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality: A self-report by women.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2022Article
- A plea of those who are affected most by HIV: The utterances by women who inject Nyaope residing in the City of Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2021Article
- Plausibility of patient-centred care in high-intensity methadone treatment: reflections of providers and patients.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2021Article
- "They're not doing enough.": women's experiences with opioids and naloxone in Toronto.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
- Determinants of Women's Drug Use During Pregnancy: Perspectives from a Qualitative Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Article
- Optimizing HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for persons with substance use in Central Asia: what will it take?Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA tenth of all people who inject drugs in Kenya are women, yet their social contexts and experiences remain poorly understood. This paper reports how multiple forms of stigma are experienced by women who inject drugs in coastal Kenya and the impact that they have on their ability to access essential health services.
methodsIn 2015, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were held with 45 women who inject drugs in two coastal towns. These data were supplemented with in-depth interviews with five individual stakeholders involved in service provision to this population. Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo.
resultsWomen who inject drugs experience multiple stigmas, often simultaneously. These included the external stigma and self-stigma of injection drug use, external gender-related stigma of being a female injecting drug user, and the external stigma of being HIV positive (i.e., among those living with HIV). Stigma led to rejection, social exclusion, low self-esteem, and delay or denial of services at health facilities.
conclusionHIV and harm reduction programs should incorporate interventions that address different forms of stigma among women who inject drugs in coastal Kenya. Addressing stigma will require a combination of individual, social, and structural interventions, such as collective empowerment of injecting drug users, training of healthcare providers on issues and needs of women who inject drugs, peer accompaniment to health facilities, addressing wider social determinants of stigma and discrimination, and expansion of harm reduction interventions to change perceptions of communities towards women who inject drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.