ArticleRespiratory research2018
Sequential broncho-alveolar lavages reflect distinct pulmonary compartments: clinical and research implications in lung transplantation.
Article in Respiratory research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Standardized pipeline for establishing, expanding, and differentiating airway and alveolar organoids from human BAL fluid.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Standardized pipeline for establishing, expanding, and differentiating airway and alveolar organoids from human BAL fluid.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The diagnostic value of RNA-mNGS and DNA-mNGS in differentiating bacterial infection from colonization in the lower respiratory tract.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic value of DNA or RNA-based metagenomic next-generation sequencing in lower respiratory tract infections.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Microbiome features in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-related interstitial lung disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Application of mNGS in the study of pulmonary microbiome in pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary infection patients and exploration of potential biomarkers.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Utility of bile acids in large airway bronchial wash versus bronchoalveolar lavage as biomarkers of microaspiration in lung transplant recipients: a retrospective cohort study.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- DNA Methylation Profiles of Purified Cell Types in Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Applications for Mixed Cell Paediatric Pulmonary Studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Observational
- International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation consensus statement for the standardization of bronchoalveolar lavage in lung transplantation.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2020Article
- New Clue: Prediction from Cell-Free DNA.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines are of minor value to diagnose complications following lung transplantation.Cytokine · 2020Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has proven to be very useful to monitor the lung allograft after transplantation. In addition to allowing detection of infections, multiple BAL analytes have been proposed as potential biomarkers of lung allograft rejection or dysfunction. However, BAL collection is not well standardized and differences in BAL collection represent an important source of variation. We hypothesized that there are systematic differences between sequential BALs that are relevant to BAL analysis.
methodsAs part of 126 consecutive bronchoscopies in lung transplant recipients, two sequential BALs (BAL1 and BAL2) were performed in one location during each bronchoscopy by instilling and suctioning 50 ml of normal saline twice into separate containers. Cell concentration, viability and differentials, Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D), Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP), and levels of CXCL10, IL-10, CCL2, CCL5, VEGF-C, RAGE, CXCL9, CXCL1, IL-17A, IL-21, PDGF, and GCSF were compared between BAL1 and BAL2.
resultsTotal cell concentration did not differ between BAL1 and BAL2; however, compared to BAL2, BAL1 had more dead cells, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and higher concentrations of airway epithelium-derived CCSP and inflammatory markers. BAL2 had a higher concentration of SP-D compared to BAL1.
conclusionIn this study performed in lung transplant recipients, we show that sequential BALs represent different lung compartments and have distinct compositions. BAL1 represents the airway compartment with more epithelial cells, neutrophils, and epithelium-derived CCSP. Conversely, BAL2 samples preferentially the distal bronchoalveolar space with greater cell viability and higher SP-D. Our findings illustrate how the method of BAL collection can influence analyte concentrations and further emphasize the need for a standardized approach in translational research involving BAL samples.
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