Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29800243›Full record

ArticleDiseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus2018

A diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with increased life insurance premiums.

D A Leiman, B Kochar, S Posner, C Fan, A Patel, O Shaheen, C Y Keller, N T Koutlas, S Eluri, E S Dellon

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Early life factors are associated with risk for eosinophilic esophagitis diagnosed in adulthood.Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus · 2021
    Article
  6. Cost-effective care in eosinophilic esophagitis.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2019
    Review
  7. New Developments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Current treatment options in gastroenterology · 2019
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

D A LeimanDivision of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC.
B KocharDivision of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
S PosnerDepartment of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC.
C FanDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
A PatelDivision of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC.
O ShaheenDivision of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
C Y KellerDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
N T KoutlasDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
S EluriDivision of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
E S DellonDivision of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USDuke University · US

Funding

DIGESTIVE DISEASES EPIDEMIOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMT32DK007634 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ROBERT S. SANDLER · 1990 to 2026
$7.4M
SHORT-TERM RESEARCH TRAININGT35DK007386 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Evan Samuel Dellon · 1986 to 2026
$4.1M
NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007634NIDDK NIH HHS T35 DK007386
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease that can be diagnosed at any age, but is not associated with malignancy and does not shorten lifespan. It remains unknown whether an EoE diagnosis affects insurability or insurance premium costs. We therefore aimed to determine whether a diagnosis of EoE affects the costs of life insurance. Our investigation was a secret shopper audit study whereby we contacted national insurance companies in the United States to evaluate the effect of a diagnosis of EoE on life insurance premiums. We constructed standardized case scenarios for males and females, including a 25-year-old and a 48-year-old without other comorbid conditions, who either had or did not have a diagnosis of EoE. Companies were asked for their best estimate for a $100,000 whole life insurance policy. Comparisons between median premiums were made using the Mann-Whitney U test. There were 20 national life insurance companies contacted and a total of 73 quotes were obtained. The median premium rate was similar for EoE and non-EoE cases at the younger age ($828 [IQR $576-1,020] vs. $756 [IQR $504-$804]; P = 0.10). However, the premium for the older case without EoE was 19% less expensive compared to a case with EoE ($1990 [IQR $1,248-2,350] vs. $2,375 [IQR $2,100-2568; P = 0.02]. This finding was not explained by sex or state of residence. Based on these findings, we conclude that life insurance premiums are significantly more expensive in the older patient case with EoE when compared to the same case without EoE. Patients with EoE and their providers should be aware of the additional cost associated with this diagnosis.

Indexed as

AdultEosinophilic EsophagitisFemaleHumansInsuranceInsurance, LifeMaleMiddle AgedUnited States

Identifiers

PMID29800243
PMCPMC6102799
OpenAlexW2803831621

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.