Observational studyPloS one2018
Prevalence and outcomes of proton pump inhibitor associated hypomagnesemia in chronic kidney disease.
Observational study in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Switching from Cation-Exchange Resin to Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate Hydrate in Patients on Hemodialysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment of Burden of Partial Response to Standard Doses of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Real-World Evidence Study in India.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2025Article
- An overview of diagnosis and management of drug-induced hypomagnesemia.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Review
- Low serum magnesium as a risk factor for peripheral artery disease in chronic kidney disease: an open verdict.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2020Article
- Association between serum magnesium and anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.International urology and nephrology · 2020Article
- Review
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Fracture Risk: A Review of Current Evidence and Mechanisms Involved.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most widely prescribed medications across the world. PPIs have been associated with significant electrolyte abnormalities including hypomagnesaemia. We explored the prevalence of PPI associated hypomagnesaemia (PPIH) in different Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stages, in different PPI agents, and the impact of PPIH on survival in CKD.
methodsThis was a subgroup analysis of the Salford Kidney Study, a prospective, observational, longitudinal study of non-dialysis CKD patients. Patients with outpatient magnesium samples obtained between 2002 and 2013 were included in the analysis. The prevalence hypomagnesaemia based on mean values over 12 months as well as 'ever' hypomagnesaemia were investigated.
results1,230 patients were included in this analysis, mean age 64.3± 32.3 years and mean eGFR 29.2±15.8 ml/min/1.73m2. Mean serum magnesium in those on PPI was significantly lower than those not on PPI overall (0.85±0.10 mmolL-1 versus 0.79±0.12 mmolL-1 respectively, p<0.001). This finding was maintained at all CKD stages. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for mean hypomagnesaemia in PPI use was 1.12 (95% CI 1.06-1.18) p = <0. 'Ever hypomagnesaemia' had an OR of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.16) p = <0.001. The expected rise in serum magnesium with declining eGFR was not observed in those on a PPI but was seen in those not on PPI. There was no difference in serum magnesium between PPI drugs. Thiazide diuretics were also associated with hypomagnesaemia independent of PPI use. Cox regression analysis demonstrated no reduction in survival in patients with PPI associated hypomagnesaemia.
conclusionNo specific PPI drugs show a favourable profile in regards of risk for hypomagnesaemia in CKD. Avoiding concurrent use of PPI and thiazide may be of value in patients with hypomagnesaemia.
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