ArticleScientific reports2018
Codon optimization and improved delivery/immunization regimen enhance the immune response against wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, preserving its Th2-polarity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Plasmid DNA Delivery into Mice by Intradermal Injections Alone and Facilitated by Sonoporation or Electroporation.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Codon Optimization Tools: Advancing toward a Multi-Criteria Framework for Synthetic Gene Design.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Impact and applications of cyclic di-GMP second messenger signaling in biotechnology and medicine.Sustainable microbiology · 2025Review
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- Optimization of In Vivo Electroporation Conditions and Delivery of DNA Vaccine Encoding SARS-CoV-2 RBD Using the Determined Protocol.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Plasma cell-free RNA characteristics in COVID-19 patients.Genome research · 2022Article
- Current view on novel vaccine technologies to combat human infectious diseases.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Self-amplifying mRNA-Based Vaccine Technology and Its Mode of Action.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- Immunogenicity of a DNA-Based Sindbis Replicon Expressing Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Nucleoprotein.Vaccines · 2021Article
- The Promise and Challenges of Cyclic Dinucleotides as Molecular Adjuvants for Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Article
- Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Listeria-based cancer vaccine with codon-optimized HPV16 E7.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Reciprocal Inhibition of Immunogenic Performance in Mice of Two Potent DNA Immunogens Targeting HCV-Related Liver Cancer.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Genomic and evolutionary comparison between SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses.Journal of virological methods · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis Formation via ROS-Dependent Upregulation of Twist.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
DNA vaccines require a considerable enhancement of immunogenicity. Here, we optimized a prototype DNA vaccine against drug-resistant HIV-1 based on a weak Th2-immunogen, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). We designed expression-optimized genes encoding inactivated wild-type and drug-resistant RTs (RT-DNAs) and introduced them into mice by intradermal injections followed by electroporation. RT-DNAs were administered as single or double primes with or without cyclic-di-GMP, or as a prime followed by boost with RT-DNA mixed with a luciferase-encoding plasmid ("surrogate challenge"). Repeated primes improved cellular responses and broadened epitope specificity. Addition of cyclic-di-GMP induced a transient increase in IFN-γ production. The strongest anti-RT immune response was achieved in a prime-boost protocol with electroporation by short 100V pulses done using penetrating electrodes. The RT-specific response, dominated by CD4+ T-cells, targeted epitopes at aa 199-220 and aa 528-543. Drug-resistance mutations disrupted the epitope at aa 205-220, while the CTL epitope at aa 202-210 was not affected. Overall, multiparametric optimization of RT strengthened its Th2- performance. A rapid loss of RT/luciferase-expressing cells in the surrogate challenge experiment revealed a lytic potential of anti-RT response. Such lytic CD4+ response would be beneficial for an HIV vaccine due to its comparative insensitivity to immune escape.
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