Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2018
The effect of small doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, acute feeding, equivalence trial.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Glycemic and Endocrine Responses: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Allulose for the attenuation of postprandial blood glucose levels in healthy humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Rare sugars and their health effects in humans: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence from human trials.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Food sources of fructose-containing sugars and glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Pooled it
- The Effect of Small Doses of Fructose and Its Epimers on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Short-term effects of allulose consumption on glucose homeostasis, metabolic parameters, incretin levels, and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover clinical trial.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Metabolic Effects and Safety Aspects of Acute D-allulose and Erythritol Administration in Healthy Subjects.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- The Role of D-allulose and Erythritol on the Activity of the Gut Sweet Taste Receptor and Gastrointestinal Satiation Hormone Release in Humans: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Effects of D-allulose on glucose tolerance and insulin response to a standard oral sucrose load: results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Trial
- The effect of small doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, acute feeding, equivalence trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- D-Psicose Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammatory Injury in HFD/STZ-Induced T2DM Mice and Is Associated With Alterations in Gut Microbiota, Tryptophan Metabolism, and Hepatic AhR-Related Signaling.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- KetoFLEX 12/3 Diet and Cognitive Health: A Precision-Nutrition Perspective on Mechanisms, Emerging Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Article
- Effects of Allulose vs Aspartame Consumption on Postprandial Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Profiles and Metabolic Health: Protocol for a Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Release by Rare Sugar D-Allulose Ameliorates Sucrose-Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance in Ovariectomized Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The effects of rare sugar on cardiometabolic alterations: a recent update from basic science to clinical application.European journal of nutrition · 2025Review
- Impact of allulose on blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of clinical trials.Metabolism open · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo assess and compare the effect of small doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial blood glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes.
methodsA double-blind, multiple-crossover, randomized, controlled, acute feeding, equivalence trial in 24 participants with type 2 diabetes was conducted. Each participant was randomly assigned six treatments separated by >1-week washouts. Treatments consisted of fructose or allulose at 0 g (control), 5 g or 10 g added to a 75-g glucose solution. A standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test protocol was followed with blood samples at -30, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The primary outcome measure was plasma glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC).
resultsAllulose significantly reduced plasma glucose iAUC by 8% at 10 g compared with 0 g (717.4 ± 38.3 vs. 777.5 ± 39.9 mmol × min/L, P = 0.015) with a linear dose response gradient between the reduction in plasma glucose iAUC and dose (P = 0.016). Allulose also significantly reduced several related secondary and exploratory outcome measures at 5 g (plasma glucose absolute mean and total AUC) and 10 g (plasma glucose absolute mean, absolute and incremental maximum concentration [C
conclusionAllulose, but not fructose, led to modest reductions in the postprandial blood glucose response to oral glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes. There is a need for long-term randomized trials to confirm the sustainability of these improvements.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.