Observational studyDigestive diseases and sciences2018
Gut Microbiota Composition Before and After Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.
Observational study in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05449028 (Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy in Portugal), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy in Portugal: Prospective, Randomized, Blind and Multicentre Trial on the Efficacy of Quadruple Therapies and Their Clinical Impact, and Immunological and Gut Microbiota Changes
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of proton pump inhibitor exposure on pneumonia: an updated meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of probiotics combined with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy forFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the effects of proton pump inhibitors on the human gut microbiota.BMC microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Cystic Fibrosis-Related Gut Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Therapeutic Evaluation ofNutrients · 2024Trial
- Beneficial effect of probiotics supplements in reflux esophagitis treated with esomeprazole: A randomized controlled trial.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Trial
- Gut dysbiosis‑derived butyrate loss predicts feeding intolerance: Multiomics evidence guiding nurse‑driven microbiota‑supportive interventions (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Pharmacomicrobiomics of Non-Antibiotic Drugs: Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences of Gut Microbiota Alterations.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- The diversity of factors influencing human digestive microbiota in healthy adults and their interaction: a scoping review.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Rethinking Long-Term PPI Therapy in GERD: A Narrative Review from a Microbial Ecology Perspective Beyond Acid Suppression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Changes in Prooxidant and Antioxidant-Related Trace Element Levels During Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Gut Microbial Variations Associated With Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Proton pump inhibitor use is not independently associated with colonic diverticulosis in an asymptomatic screening population.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- The Impact of Concurrent Proton Pump Inhibitors on Nivolumab Response in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Real-Life Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Global Research Trends in Comorbidity Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease: A Bibliometric Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- Composition and diversity of gut microbiota in non-erosive reflux disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Proton pump inhibitor exposure modulates functional and transcriptional responses inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Proton-pump inhibitors increaseGut microbes · 2025Article
- Dietary Prebiotics Modulate Omeprazole-Induced Alterations in the Gut Microbial Signature.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- The association of proton pump inhibitors and inflammatory bowel disease from the perspective of gut microbiota perturbation.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecently, problems associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use have begun to surface. PPIs influence the gut microbiota; therefore, PPI use may increase the risk of enteric infections and cause bacterial translocation. In this study, we investigated fecal microbiota composition, fecal organic acid concentrations and pH, and gut bacteria in the blood of the same patients before and after PPI use.
methodsTwenty patients with reflux esophagitis based on endoscopic examination received 8 weeks of treatment with PPIs. To analyze fecal microbiota composition and gut bacteria in blood and organic acid concentrations, 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted quantitative RT-PCR and high-performance liquid chromatography were conducted.
resultsLactobacillus species were significantly increased at both 4 and 8 weeks after PPI treatment compared with bacterial counts before treatment (P = 0.011 and P = 0.002, respectively). Among Lactobacillus spp., counts of the L. gasseri subgroup, L. fermentum, the L. reuteri subgroup, and the L. ruminis subgroup were significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment compared with counts before treatment. Streptococcus species were also significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks after PPI treatment compared with counts before treatment (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the total organic acid concentrations before and after PPI treatment. Detection rates of bacteria in blood before and after PPI treatment were 22 and 28%, respectively, with no significant differences.
conclusionsOur quantitative RT-PCR results showed that gut dysbiosis was caused by PPI use, corroborating previous results obtained by metagenomic analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.