ArticlePathology oncology research : POR2020
Atorvastatin and Caffeine in Combination Regulates Apoptosis, Migration, Invasion and Tumorspheres of Prostate Cancer Cells.
Article in Pathology oncology research : POR, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coffee as a Source of Antioxidants and an Elixir of Youth.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Caffeine Acts as an Agonist of Siglec-6, Inhibits MRGPRX2-Triggered Mast Cell Degranulation and Anaphylactoid Reactions.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Clinical feature and gene expression analysis in low prostate-specific antigen, high-grade prostate cancer.PloS one · 2025Article
- Caffeine reduces viability, induces apoptosis, inhibits migration and modulates the CD39/CD73 axis in metastatic cutaneous melanoma cells.Purinergic signalling · 2024Article
- Lipid-lowering drugs and cancer: an updated perspective.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Istradefylline modulates purinergic enzymes and reduces malignancy-associated factors in B16F10 melanoma cells.Purinergic signalling · 2023Article
- Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Enhancement of the anticancer effect of atorvastatin-loaded nanoemulsions by improving oral absorption via multivalent intestinal transporter-targeting lipids.Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Antidiabetics, Anthelmintics, Statins, and Beta-Blockers as Co-Adjuvant Drugs in Cancer Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Integrated microbiome, metabolome, and proteome analysis identifies a novel interplay among commensal bacteria, metabolites and candidate targets in non-small cell lung cancer.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
- Combined anticancer effects of simvastatin and arsenic trioxide on prostate cancer cell lines via downregulation of the VEGF and OPN isoforms genes.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Caffeine Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibits Migration through Integrin αv, β3, and FAK/Akt/c-Myc Signaling Pathway.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Statins: a repurposed drug to fight cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021Review
- Article
- Current perspectives on statins as potential anti-cancer therapeutics: clinical outcomes and underlying molecular mechanisms.Translational lung cancer research · 2019Review
- Unveiling the anti-cancer mechanisms of calotropin: Insights into cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and metabolic regulation in human oral squamous carcinoma cells (HSC-3).Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Atorvastatin is the most prescribed cholesterol-lowering statin, while caffeine enhances chemo-sensitivity and induces apoptosis of tumor cells through its DNA repair-inhibiting effect. The present study investigated the effects and mechanisms of atorvastatin and caffeine in combination on human prostate cancer cells cultured in vitro. Cell growth were determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay. The cell apoptosis and colony formation were determined by morphological assessment. The ability of cell migration and invasion were performed using a scratch wound-healing and Transwell assay. Tumorspheres were formed in suspension under the condition of non-adherence and serum-free medium. Finally, the western blot assay was used to determine the levels of proteins. The combination synergistically suppressed proliferation and induced apoptotic death. Meanwhile, the migration, invasion, and the formation of tumorspheres were significantly inhibited by the combination. We found that atorvastatin and caffeine in combination downregulated phospho-Akt, phospho-Erk1/2, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Survivin protein levels. Results of the present study indicate treatment with the combination of caffeine and atorvastatin may be an effective strategy for inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer and should be evaluated clinically.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.