ArticleNeuro-oncology2018
Oncolytic virotherapy in glioblastoma patients induces a tumor macrophage phenotypic shift leading to an altered glioblastoma microenvironment.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Boosting CAR T cell functionality with oncolytic viruses for the treatment of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Co-Extracellular Vesicles Delivery System Enhances Immunochemotherapy for Glioblastoma.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Resistance to oncolytic virotherapy: Multidimensional mechanisms and therapeutic breakthroughs (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Alphavirus replicons encoding IFN-γ enhance cancer virotherapy by overcoming macrophage-mediated suppression.iScience · 2025Article
- Insights of immune cell heterogeneity, tumor-initiated subtype transformation, drug resistance, treatment and detecting technologies in glioma microenvironment.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Article
- Macrophage Transcriptomic Alterations Driven by Alphavirus-Based Cancer Immunotherapy Vectors.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
- An oncolytic HSV-1 vector induces a therapeutic adaptive immune response against glioblastoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- Oncolytic virus and tumor-associated macrophage interactions in cancer immunotherapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Oncolytic Activity of Sindbis Virus with the Help of GM-CSF in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- An autologous ex vivo model for exploring patient-specific responses to viro-immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Cell reports methods · 2024Article
- From glioma gloom to immune bloom: unveiling novel immunotherapeutic paradigms-a review.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
- Clinical immunotherapy in glioma: current concepts, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cell and gene therapy in neuro-oncology.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2024Review
- Improving the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses for cancer: targeting macrophages.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Comprehensive analysis of clinical prognostic features and tumor microenvironment landscape of CD11bCellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma with magnetic resonance imaging characteristics: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Review
- Gene Therapy for High Grade Glioma: The Clinical Experience.Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immunosuppressive protumoral M2 macrophages are important in pathogenesis, progression, and therapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) and provide a target for therapy. Recently oncolytic virotherapy in murine models was shown to change these M2 macrophages toward the pro-inflammatory and antitumoral M1 phenotype. Here we study the effects of the oncolytic virotherapy Delta24-RGD in humans, using both in vitro models and patient material. Methods: Human monocyte-derived macrophages were co-cultured with Delta24-RGD-infected primary glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and were analyzed for their immunophenotype, cytokine expression, and secretion profiles. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 18 Delta24-RGD-treated patients was analyzed for inflammatory cytokine levels, and the effects of these CSF samples on macrophage phenotype in vitro were determined. In addition, tumor macrophages in resected material from a Delta24-RGD-treated GBM patient were compared with 5 control GBM patient samples by flow cytometry. Results: Human monocyte-derived M2 macrophages co-cultured with Delta24-RGD-infected GSCs shifted toward an M1-immunophenotype, coinciding with pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production. This phenotypic switch was induced by the concerted effects of a change in tumor-produced soluble factors and the presence of viral particles. CSF samples from Delta24-RGD-treated GBM patients revealed cytokine levels indicative of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Furthermore, tumoral macrophages in a Delta24-RGD-treated patient showed significantly greater M1 characteristics than in control GBM tissue. Conclusion: Together these in vitro and patient studies demonstrate that local Delta24-RGD therapy may provide a therapeutic tool to promote a prolonged shift in the protumoral M2 macrophages toward M1 in human GBM, inducing a pro-inflammatory and potentially tumor-detrimental microenvironment.
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