ReviewTherapeutic advances in drug safety2018
Safety of antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia: a focus on the adverse effects of clozapine.
Review in Therapeutic advances in drug safety, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clozapine and Pneumonia: Synthesizing the Link by Reviewing Existing Reports-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- A Guideline and Checklist for Initiating and Managing Clozapine Treatment in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.CNS drugs · 2022Guideline
- Leukocytosis Associated with Clozapine Treatment: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Clozapine impairs angiogenic function and cellular bioenergetics in primary human endothelial progenitor cells and zebrafish: involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Could ChatGPT and co. replace forensic experts? A comparative study on medical liability expertise.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Association of metabolic syndrome with comorbid major depressive disorder in remitted schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Management of Parkinson's disease psychosis-a European perspective.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Review
- Article
- PsychoPharm aggregated risk score (PARS): a multidimensional tool to flag high-risk pharmacotherapy in psychiatric patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Managing ciprofloxacin-clozapine interaction with immunoassay-based monitoring: A case report.The mental health clinician · 2025Article
- New pharmacological approaches in the treatment of schizophrenia.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Acute exposure to clozapine and sodium valproate impairs oxidative phosphorylation in human cardiac mitochondria.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- A Case Report of Clozapine-Induced Cardiomyopathy.Cureus · 2025Article
- Intranasal delivery of blackberry-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles for antipsychotic potential in Ketamine-induced schizophrenia in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clozapine-Induced Acute Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade: Early Recognition Improves Clinical Outcomes.Cureus · 2025Article
- A hybrid model for predicting response to risperidone after first-episode psychosis.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Role of Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Narrative Synthesis of Clinical, Economic, and Quality-of-Life Outcomes.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- A case of clozapine-induced stuttering in a HIV-positive individual.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2025Article
- Effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment-BIG on Motor, Cognition, Mental Health, Occupational Performance, and Occupational Balance in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Single-Subject Experimental Study.Occupational therapy international · 2025Article
- Characteristics and causes of reported clozapine-related medication errors: analysis of the Ministry of Health database in Saudi Arabia.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2024Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clozapine, a dibenzodiazepine developed in 1961, is a multireceptorial atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of resistant schizophrenia. Since its introduction, it has remained the drug of choice in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, despite a wide range of adverse effects, as it is a very effective drug in everyday clinical practice. However, clozapine is not considered as a top-of-the-line treatment because it may often be difficult for some patients to tolerate as some adverse effects can be particularly bothersome (i.e. sedation, weight gain, sialorrhea etc.) and it has some other potentially dangerous and life-threatening side effects (i.e. myocarditis, seizures, agranulocytosis or granulocytopenia, gastrointestinal hypomotility etc.). As poor treatment adherence in patients with resistant schizophrenia may increase the risk of a psychotic relapse, which may further lead to impaired social and cognitive functioning, psychiatric hospitalizations and increased treatment costs, clozapine adverse effects are a common reason for discontinuing this medication. Therefore, every effort should be made to monitor and minimize these adverse effects in order to improve their early detection and management. The aim of this paper is to briefly summarize and provide an update on major clozapine adverse effects, especially focusing on those that are severe and potentially life threatening, even if most of the latter are relatively uncommon.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.