ArticleJournal of the Intensive Care Society2018
Cost of treating ventilator-associated pneumonia post cardiac surgery in the National Health Service: Results from a propensity-matched cohort study.
Article in Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of studies investigating ventilator associated pneumonia diagnostics in intensive care.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of rapid, ICU-based, syndromic PCR in hospital-acquired pneumonia: analysis of the INHALE WP3 multi-centre RCT.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- INHALE WP3, a multicentre, open-label, pragmatic randomised controlled trial assessing the impact of rapid, ICU-based, syndromic PCR, versus standard-of-care on antibiotic stewardship and clinical outcomes in hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia.Intensive care medicine · 2025Trial
- Phantom system for endotracheal tube cuff seal testing during mechanical ventilation.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Inhaled Heparin to Shorten Antibiotic Duration in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Independent risk factors and outcomes for ventilator-associated pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant organisms after cardiac valvular surgery.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges.Nature communications · 2024Review
- Risk Factors, Pathogens, and Outcomes of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Non-Cardiac Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Analysis.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Improving Outcomes in Nosocomial Pneumonia: Recent Evidence and More Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Constructing a Nomogram Model to Estimate the Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia for Elderly Patients in the Intensive Care Unit.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2024Article
- Gram-Negative ESKAPE Bacteria Surveillance in COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes High-Risk Sequence Types ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparison of Morbidity, Mortality, and Costs of VAP Patients with Non-VAP Patients in the Tertiary Referral Hospital of Kerman, Iran.Tanaffos · 2023Article
- Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia due to multi-drug resistant organisms after cardiac surgery in adults.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
- Risk Factors and Protective Factors against Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia-A Single-Center Mixed Prospective and Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- A Narrative Review on the Approach to Antimicrobial Use in Ventilated Patients with Multidrug Resistant Organisms in Respiratory Samples-To Treat or Not to Treat? That Is the Question.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Intra-tracheal multiplexed sensing of contact pressure and perfusion.Biomedical optics express · 2022Article
- Promoting subglottic secretion drainage: a quality improvement project in a UK critical care unit.BMJ open quality · 2021Review
- Healthcare-Associated Infections in a Cardiac Surgery Service in Brazil.Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Most of the cost data that are available relate to general intensive care patients in privately remunerated institutions. This study assessed the cost of managing ventilator-associated pneumonia in a cardiac intensive care unit in the National Health Service in the United Kingdom.
methodsPropensity-matched study of prospectively collected data from the cardiac surgical database between April 2011 and December 2014 in all patients undergoing cardiac surgery (n = 3416). Patients who were diagnosed as developing ventilator-associated pneumonia, as per the surveillance definition for ventilator-associated pneumonia (n = 338), were propensity score matched with those who did not (n = 338). Costs of treating post-op cardiac surgery patients in intensive care and cost difference if ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred based on Healthcare Resource Group categories were assessed. Secondary outcomes included differences in morbidity, mortality and cardiac intensive care unit and in-hospital length of stay.
resultsThere were no significant differences in the pre-operative characteristics or procedures between the groups. Ventilator-associated pneumonia developed in 10% of post-cardiac surgery patients. Post-operatively, the ventilator-associated pneumonia group required longer ventilation (p < 0.01), more respiratory support, longer cardiac intensive care unit (8 vs 3, p < 0.001) and in-hospital stay (16 vs 9) days. The overall cost for post-operative recovery after cardiac surgery for ventilator-associated pneumonia patients was £15,124 compared to £6295 for non-ventilator-associated pneumonia (p < 0.01). The additional cost of treating patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia was £8829.
conclusionVentilator-associated pneumonia was associated with significant morbidity to the patients, generating significant costs. This cost was nearer to the lower end for the cost for general intensive care unit patients in privately reimbursed systems.
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