ArticleThe pharmacogenomics journal2018
Genotype, phenotype, and medication recommendation agreement among commercial pharmacogenetic-based decision support tools.
Article in The pharmacogenomics journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, SLC6A4, and HTR2A Genotypes and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Guideline
- Pharmacogenomic Testing and Depressive Symptom Remission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective, Controlled Clinical Trials.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Multi-gene Pharmacogenomic Testing That Includes Decision-Support Tools to Guide Medication Selection for Major Depression: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2021Pooled it
- Review and Consensus on Pharmacogenomic Testing in Psychiatry.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of Response and Remission Outcomes With a Weighted Multigene Pharmacogenomic Test for Adults With Depression.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyPooled it
- Treatment-Resistant Depression as a Heterogeneous Clinical Syndrome: A Personalized Medicine Framework for Diagnostic Reassessment, Suicide Risk, and Mechanism-Based Treatment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- CYP2D6 Metabolizer Phenotype Is Associated with Early Antidepressant Discontinuation in the UK Biobank.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Real-World Characterization of Psychiatric Pharmacogenomic Test Ordering and Clinical Relevance in Adults and Children.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Pharmacogenomic Testing in the Clinical Laboratory: Historical Progress and Future Opportunities.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2025Review
- The history and future of pharmacogenetics in Aotearoa/New Zealand.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2025Review
- Therapeutic drug monitoring vs. pharmacogenetic testing in the context of elevated olanzapine concentrations and prior clozapine intolerability: a case study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Pharmacogenomic insights in psychiatric care: uncovering novel actionability, allele-specific CYP2D6 copy number variation, and phenoconversion in 15,000 patients.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Rationale and design for a pragmatic randomized trial to assess gene-based prescribing for SSRIs in the treatment of depression.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Personalized anesthesia and precision medicine: a comprehensive review of genetic factors, artificial intelligence, and patient-specific factors.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Comparing commercial pharmacogenetic testing results and recommendations for antidepressants with established CPIC guidelines.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- A survey in Austria supports the significance of genetic counseling and pharmacogenetic testing for mental illness.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- The emergence, implementation, and future growth of pharmacogenomics in psychiatry: a narrative review.Psychological medicine · 2023Review
- Child and adolescent psychiatrists' use, attitudes, and understanding of genetic testing and pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.Psychiatry research · 2023Article
- Genetic Predictors of Antipsychotic Efflux Impairment via Blood-Brain Barrier: Role of Transport Proteins.Genes · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The degree of agreement between four commercial pharmacogenetic-based decision support tools (DSTs) was examined in five outpatients with major depressive disorder and at least two previous antidepressant failures. Comparisons were made across seven pharmacokinetic (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and UGT2B15) and seven pharmacodynamic (BDNF, COMT, HLA-A, HTR2A, HTR2C, OPRM1, and SLC6A4) genes that were included on ≥2 of the four DST testing panels. Among these overlapping genes, genotype (33-100%) and predicted phenotype (20-100%) agreement varied substantially. Medication recommendation agreement was the greatest for mood stabilizers (84%), followed by antidepressants (56%), anxiolytics/hypnotics (56%), and antipsychotics (55%). Approximately one-quarter (26%) of all medication recommendations were jointly flagged by two or more DSTs as "actionable" but 19% of these recommendations provided conflicting advice (e.g., dosing) for the same medication.The level of disagreement in medication recommendations across the pharmacogenetic DSTs indicates that these tests cannot be assumed to be equivalent or interchangeable. Additional efforts to standardize genetic-based phenotyping and to develop medication guidelines are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.