Observational studyScientific reports2018
TGF-β concentrations and activity are down-regulated in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endothelial TGFβ signaling modulates choroidal neovascularization severity via myeloid-endothelial cell interaction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Illuminating photoreceptors: TGFβ signaling modulates the severeness of retinal degeneration.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Fibrotic Changes in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Intraocular Concentration of Stem Cell Factor/c-KIT and Galectin-1 in Retinal Diseases.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- An Association between HTRA1 and TGF-βJournal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Klotho prevents transforming growth factor-β2-induced senescent-like morphological changes in the retinal pigment epithelium.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Microglia: The breakthrough to treat neovascularization and repair blood-retinal barrier in retinopathy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Article
- More than meets the eye: The role of microglia in healthy and diseased retina.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- TGFβ-Neurotrophin Interactions in Heart, Retina, and Brain.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Is pseudoexfoliation glaucoma a neurodegenerative disorder?Journal of biosciences · 2021Review
- MicroRNA Expression in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Plasma Biomarkers of Reticular Pseudodrusen and the Risk of Progression to Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
- The Binding of CD93 to Multimerin-2 Promotes Choroidal Neovascularization.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Heat Shock Protein 90 Involvement in the Development of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- EMT and EndMT: Emerging Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Tgfb3 collaborates with PP2A and notch signaling pathways to inhibit retina regeneration.eLife · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Controversy still exists regarding the role of the TGF-β in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), a major cause of severe visual loss in the elderly in developed countries. Here, we measured the concentrations of active TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 by ELISA in the aqueous humor of 20 patients affected by nAMD, who received 3 consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF-A antibody. Samples were collected at baseline (before the first injection), month 1 (before the second injection), and month 2 (before the third injection). The same samples were used in a luciferase-based reporter assay to test the TGF-β pathway activation. Active TGF-β1 concentrations in the aqueous humor were below the minimum detectable dose. Active TGF-β2 concentrations were significantly lower at baseline and at month 1, compared to controls. No significant differences in active TGF-β3 concentration were found among the sample groups. Moreover, TGF-β pathway activation was significantly lower at baseline compared to controls. Our data corroborate an anti-angiogenic role for TGF-β2 in nAMD. This should be considered from the perspective of a therapy using TGF-β inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.