ArticleAIDS (London, England)2018
Neurodevelopment of breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed children in South Africa.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mother-to-child HIV exposure and its relation with neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the combined impact of pesticide exposure and HIV/ART on child neurodevelopment in Eastern and Southern Africa: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- The association of breastfeeding with cognitive development and educational achievement in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Early neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed uninfected children in the era of antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Brain Structure of South African Children Born to Mothers on Dolutegravir Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Growth, physical, and cognitive function in children who are born HIV-free: School-age follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial in rural Zimbabwe.PLoS medicine · 2024Trial
- Attention Test Assessment from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Caregiver Training for Ugandan Preschool Children Living with Perinatal HIV.Developmental neuropsychology · 2023Trial
- Lower working memory and processing speed among children and youth exposed to HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Structural brain differences in school-aged children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Perinatal and Childhood Risk Factors of Adverse Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review Using a Socioecological Model.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The effect of environment and in-utero HIV exposure on neurodevelopment in infants.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Intelligence and language outcomes in school-aged children who are HIV-exposed, uninfected: the role of sex, perinatal risk factors, and socioeconomic status.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Subcortical Brain Volumes and Neurocognitive Function in Children With Perinatal HIV Exposure: A Population-Based Cohort Study in South Africa.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Peripartum mobility and maternal/child separation among women living with HIV in South Africa.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of perinatal HIV exposure and infection on salivary properties among Nigerian children.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Perinatal exposure to atazanavir-based antiretroviral regimens in a mouse model leads to differential long-term motor and cognitive deficits dependent on the NRTI backbone.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Bifidobacterium infantis supplementation versus placebo in early life to improve immunity in infants exposed to HIV: a protocol for a randomized trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess neurodevelopment of breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) and breastfed HIV-unexposed children in the context of universal maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART).
designProspective study with antenatal enrolment and follow-up of breastfeeding HEU and HIV-unexposed mother-infant pairs through 12-18 months postpartum.
settingPeri-urban community, Cape Town, South Africa.
participantsHEU (n = 215) and HIV-unexposed (n = 306) children.
main outcome measuresCognitive, motor and language development at median 13 (interquartile range 12-14) months of age: continuous and dichotomous Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (delay defined as composite score <85).
resultsIncidence of preterm delivery (<37 weeks) was similar among HEU and HIV-unexposed children (11 vs. 9%, P = 0.31; median gestation 39 weeks); 48% were boys. Median breastfeeding duration was shorter among HEU vs. HIV-unexposed children (6 vs. 10 months). All HIV-infected mothers initiated lifelong ART (tenofovir-emtricitabine-efavirenz) antenatally. HEU (vs. HIV-unexposed) children had higher odds of cognitive delay [odds ratio (OR) 2.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-4.60)] and motor delay [OR 2.10 (95% CI 1.03-4.28)], but not language delay, in crude and adjusted analysis. Preterm delivery modified this relationship for motor development: compared with term HIV-unexposed children, term HEU children had similar odds of delay, preterm HIV-unexposed children had five-fold increased odds of delay (adjusted OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.32; 16.91) and preterm HEU children, 16-fold increased odds of delay (adjusted OR 16.35, 95% CI 5.19; 51.54).
conclusionYoung HEU children may be at increased risk for cognitive and motor delay despite universal maternal ART and breastfeeding; those born preterm may be particularly vulnerable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.