ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2018
Trends in Long-Term Mortality After Congenital Heart Surgery.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies in Women With Congenital Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Neighborhood and Individual Social Drivers of Health on Outcomes Following Congenital Heart Surgery.World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery · 2026Article
- National Survival Estimates After Surgical Repair of Congenital Heart Disease.Circulation. Population health and outcomes · 2026Article
- Home-based neuro-cardiac rehabilitation in congenital heart disease: the QUALINEURO-REHAB trial study protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Outcomes for Post-operative Arrhythmias Following the Norwood Operation.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Congenital heart defects - diagnosis and treatment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Congenital Heart Disease Population in Los Angeles County.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Timing of Intervention and Long-Term Outcomes in Mild Congenital Heart Disease: A 35-Year Study From the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium.Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions · 2026Article
- Single Ventricle Infant Deaths Without Transplant Referral: Room for Improvement?Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Psychological Aspects and Mental Health Risks in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Defects-A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Reproductive health outcomes of congenital heart disease survivors: A report from the congenital heart disease project to understand lifelong survivor experience (CHD PULSE study).American heart journal · 2026Article
- Short- and long-term outcomes of systemic semilunar valve replacement in neonates and infants.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2026Article
- Center Volume Not Associated with Survival Benefit of Inter-Hospital Transfer for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Emergency and Non-Referral Admissions as Predictors of Hospital Mortality Among Adults with Congenital Heart Diseases: A Nationwide Claim-Based Registry Study in Japan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Determinants of Early Mortality After Congenital Heart Surgery: A 7-Year Single-center Experience in Saudi Arabia.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2026Article
- Long-Term Outcomes After Interventions for Infants with Congenital Heart Defects.Clinics in perinatology · 2025Review
- Reinterventions and medical costs after tetralogy of Fallot repair: a retrospective cohort study using health insurance claims in Japan.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2025Article
- Placental Malperfusion Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease and With Genetic Variants in Placental Developmental Pathways.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Association of Rurality With Mortality After Congenital Heart Surgery.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2025Article
- Growth Characteristics at Time of Fontan Procedure and Their Association with Long-Term Outcomes.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCongenital heart surgery has improved the survival of patients with even the most complex defects, but the long-term survival after these procedures has not been fully described.
objectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival of patients (age <21 years) who were operated on for congenital heart defects (CHDs).
methodsThis study used the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium data, a U.S.-based, multicenter registry of pediatric cardiac surgery. Survival analysis included 35,998 patients who survived their first congenital heart surgery at <21 years of age and had adequate identifiers for linkage with the National Death Index through 2014. Survival was compared to that in the general population using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).
resultsAfter a median follow-up of 18 years (645,806 person-years), 3,191 deaths occurred with an overall SMR of 8.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.0 to 8.7). The 15-year SMR decreased from 12.7 (95% CI: 11.9 to 13.6) in the early era (1982 to 1992) to 10.0 (95% CI: 9.3 to 10.8) in the late era (1998 to 2003). The SMR remained elevated even for mild forms of CHD such as patent ductus arteriosus (SMR 4.5) and atrial septal defects (SMR 4.9). The largest decreases in SMR occurred for patients with transposition of great arteries (early: 11.0 vs. late: 3.8; p < 0.05), complete atrioventricular canal (31.3 vs. 15.3; p < 0.05), and single ventricle (53.7 vs. 31.3; p < 0.05).
conclusionsIn this large U.S. cohort, long-term mortality after congenital heart surgery was elevated across all forms of CHD. Survival has improved over time, particularly for severe defects with significant changes in their management strategy, but still lags behind the general population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.