Trial reportThe American journal of psychiatry2018
Randomized Clinical Trial of Computerized and Clinician-Delivered CBT in Comparison With Standard Outpatient Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: Primary Within-Treatment and Follow-Up Outcomes.
Trial report in The American journal of psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Digitally Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Meta-Analysis Across Consumption and Psychosocial Outcomes.JMIR mental health · 2026Pooled it
- How effective are remote and/or digital interventions as part of alcohol and drug treatment and recovery support? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Technology-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Use: A Meta-Analysis.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2019Pooled it
- The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineGuideline
- Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Reduces Heavy Drinking Among a Non-Treatment Sample of People With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Feasibility Trial With CBT4CBT.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Trial
- A randomized controlled trial to assess whether a telehealth-based contingency management intervention reduces alcohol use for individuals with alcohol use disorder.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Trial
- Improvement in coping skills from culturally-adapted digital CBT for Spanish-speaking Hispanics with substance use disorder: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- A Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and opioid use disorder: Development and pilot testing.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Trial
- Effects of Bundling Medication for Opioid Use Disorder With an mHealth Intervention Targeting Addiction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Trial
- The rise and fall of substance use during treatment: Applying recency and expectancy principles to daily substance use patterns.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2023Trial
- Religiosity and Spirituality in Latinx Individuals with Substance Use Disorders: Association with Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of religion and health · 2022Trial
- A pilot economic evaluation of computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder as an addition and alternative to traditional therapy.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Trial
- Short- and long-term changes in substance-related coping as mediators of in-person and computerized CBT for alcohol and drug use disorders.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- High- versus low-intensity internet interventions for alcohol use disorders: results of a three-armed randomized controlled superiority trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- Changes in DSM criteria following a culturally-adapted computerized CBT for Spanish-speaking individuals with substance use disorders.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Trial
- Participant Satisfaction with Computer-Delivered Intervention Components and Its Relation to Alcohol Outcomes.Substance use & misuse · 2020Trial
- Randomized pilot trial of Web-based cognitive-behavioral therapy adapted for use in office-based buprenorphine maintenance.Substance abuse · 2019Trial
- Culturally Adapted, Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Spanish-Speaking Individuals With Substance Use Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial.American journal of public health · 2018Trial
- Testing measurement invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory across race, sex, and time among adults with cocaine use disorder.Psychological assessment · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrevious trials have demonstrated the efficacy and durability of computer-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT) as an add-on to standard outpatient care in a range of treatment-seeking populations. In this study, the authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of CBT4CBT as a virtual stand-alone treatment, delivered with minimal clinical monitoring, and clinician-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) compared with treatment as usual in a heterogeneous sample of treatment-seeking outpatients with substance use disorders.
methodThis was a randomized clinical trial in which 137 individuals who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for current substance abuse or dependence were randomly assigned to receive treatment as usual, weekly individual CBT, or CBT4CBT with brief weekly monitoring.
resultsRates of treatment exposure differed by group, with the best retention in the CBT4CBT group and the poorest in the individual CBT group. Participants who received CBT or CBT4CBT reduced their frequency of substance use significantly more than those who received treatment as usual. Six-month follow-up outcomes indicated continuing benefit of CBT4CBT (plus monitoring) over treatment as usual, but not for clinician-delivered CBT over treatment as usual. Analysis of secondary outcomes indicated that participants in the CBT4CBT group demonstrated the best learning of cognitive and behavioral concepts, as well as the highest satisfaction with treatment.
conclusionsThis first trial of computerized CBT as a virtual stand-alone intervention delivered in a clinical setting to a diverse sample of patients with current substance use disorders indicated that it was safe, effective, and durable relative to standard treatment approaches and was well-liked by participants. Clinician-delivered individual CBT, while efficacious within the treatment period, was unexpectedly associated with a higher dropout rate and lower effects at follow-up.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.