ArticlePloS one2018
National patterns of physician management of sleep apnea and treatment among patients with hypertension.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rising Mortality from Sleep Apnea and Hypertension in U.S. Adults: A 23-Year Epidemiological Analysis And Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2000-2023).Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Sleep disorders among elderly hypertensive patients: associated factors and implications for management.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review of Sleep Apnea: Where Do We Stand?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesSleep apnea is associated with hypertension, and treatment may improve outcomes. We examine national burden of sleep apnea, rates of sleep apnea treatment, and whether racial/ethnic disparities exist among patients with hypertension.
methodsData from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey/National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS/NHAMCS), 2005-2012, were analyzed (N = 417,950). We identified hypertension patient visits where sleep apnea diagnosis or complaint was recorded. Primary outcome measures were sleep study, medication, or behavioral therapy (diet, weight loss, or exercise counseling). We used multivariate logistic regression to examine treatment by demographic/clinical factors.
resultsAmong patients with hypertension, sleep apnea was identified in 11.2-per-1,000 visits. Overall, patients with hypertension and a sleep disorder were referred for sleep study in 14.4% of visits, prescribed sleep medication in 11.2% of visits, and offered behavioral therapy in 34.8% of visits. Adjusted analyses show behavioral therapy more likely to be provided to obese patients than normal/overweight (OR = 4.96, 95%CI[2.93-8.38]), but less likely to be provided to smokers than nonsmokers (OR = 0.54, 95%CI[0.32-0.93]). Non-Hispanic blacks were less likely to receive medications than non-Hispanic whites (OR = 0.19, 95% CI[0.06-0.65]).
conclusionsIn the U.S., sleep apnea were observed in a small proportion of hypertension visits, a population at high-risk for the disorder. One explanation for the low prevalence of sleep apnea observed in this patient population at high risk for the disorder is under-diagnosis of sleep related breathing disorders. Behavioral therapy was underutilized, and non-Hispanic Blacks were less likely to receive medications than non-Hispanic Whites.
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