ArticlePloS one2018
The association between food insecurity and incident type 2 diabetes in Canada: A population-based cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health outcomes following childhood or adolescent exposure to household food insecurity: a rapid systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Food-based interventions to mitigate household food insecurity in Canada: a systematic review.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- What is known about the prevalence of household food insecurity in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022Pooled it
- Food insecurity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperglycaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- Association between food insecurity and cardiometabolic risk in adults and the elderly: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2020Pooled it
- Experiences of people with diabetes receiving a voucher for healthy foods: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Food Insecurity Interventions to Improve Blood Pressure: The Healthy Food First Factorial Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2025Trial
- Article
- Direct and Indirect Pathways Between Food Insecurity and Glycemic Control in Adults with Diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between cross-sectional and long-term food insecurity with dietary quality among middle-aged and older US adults: A Cohort Study from the Health and Retirement Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of a multicomponent food-as-medicine intervention on behavioral and mental health outcomes for patients with and without food insecurity.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Anxiety moderates the association between severity of food insecurity and sleep duration among young adults in food-insecure households.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Unmet Health Care Needs Among Older People in Canada: Does Household Food Insecurity Matter?Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ · 2024Article
- Incident Diabetes in Women With Patterns of Gestational Diabetes Occurrences Across 2 Pregnancies.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Modeling chronic disease risk across equity factors using a population-based prediction model: the Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT).Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Article
- Improving Client Experience and Charitable Food Reach and Access at Food Pantries: A Qualitative Study.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2024Article
- Food insecurity and unmet healthcare needs in South Korea.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Severity of Food Insecurity Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Among Adults and Youth in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Structural violence and the uncertainty of viral undetectability for African, Caribbean and Black people living with HIV in Canada: an institutional ethnography.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA pervasive and persistent finding is the health disadvantage experienced by those in food insecure households. While clear associations have been identified between food insecurity and diabetes risk factors, less is known about the relationship between food insecurity and incident type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between household food insecurity and the future development of type 2 diabetes.
methodsWe used data from Ontario adult respondents to the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, linked to health administrative data (n = 4,739). Food insecurity was assessed with the Household Food Security Survey Module and incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified by the Ontario Diabetes Database. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes as a function of food insecurity.
resultsCanadians in food insecure households had more than 2 times the risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those in food secure households [HR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.17-4.94]. Additional adjustment for BMI attenuated the association between food insecurity and type 2 diabetes [HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 0.99, 4.36].
conclusionsOur findings indicate that food insecurity is independently associated with increased diabetes risk, even after adjustment for a broad set of measured confounders. Examining diabetes risk from a broader perspective, including a comprehensive understanding of socioeconomic and biological pathways is paramount for informing policies and interventions aimed at mitigating the future burden of type 2 diabetes.
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