ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
Dual Effects of Metformin on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte in AMPK-Dependent and Independent Manners.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of metformin therapy in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of 22 randomised controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- The role of metformin in extracellular matrix-based three-dimensional cell culture Models: A mini-review on therapeutic potentials.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Metformin and Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Regulator in Metabolism, Inflammation, and Regeneration.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- New Perspectives on the Molecular Action of Metformin in the Context of Cellular Transduction and Adipogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Metabolic Regulation Mechanisms of the Hypoglycemic and Anti-Obesity Effects ofFood science & nutrition · 2025Article
- In Vitro Treatment with Metformin Significantly Reduces Senescent B Cells Present in the Adipose Tissue of People with Obesity.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Combined Hyaluronic Acid Nanobioconjugates Impair CD44-Signaling for Effective Treatment Against Obesity: A Review of Comparison with Other Actors.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Advanced glycation end-products accelerate amyloid deposits in adipocyte's lipid droplets.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- New concepts in the roles of AMPK in adipocyte stem cell biology.Essays in biochemistry · 2024Review
- L-Fucose-Rich Sulfated Glycans from Edible Brown Seaweed: A Promising Functional Food for Obesity and Energy Expenditure Improvement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Carnosic Acid (CA) Induces a Brown Fat-like Phenotype, Increases Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Activates AMPK in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- AMP-activated protein kinase activation suppresses leptin expression independently of adipogenesis in primary murine adipocytes.The Biochemical journal · 2024Article
- Targeted Inhibition of Hsp90 in Combination with Metformin Modulates Programmed Cell Death Pathways in A549 Lung Cancer Cells.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2023Article
- The inhibitory effect of Gremlin-2 on adipogenesis suppresses breast cancer cell growth and metastasis.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Tschimganidine reduces lipid accumulation through AMPK activation and alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic diseases.BMB reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Genetics, environmental stress, and amino acid supplementation affect lactational performance via mTOR signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Review
- Regulatory network of metformin on adipogenesis determined by combining high-throughput sequencing and GEO database.Adipocyte · 2022Article
- From an Apple to a Pear: Moving Fat around for Reversing Insulin Resistance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metformin has been reported to have body weight lowering effects while treating type 2 diabetes. However, limited studies examined the effects of metformin on adipogenesis in vitro, and available data are inconclusive and contradictory. In this study, we examined the effects of a variety of concentrations of metformin on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and found metformin exhibits a dual effect on adipogenesis. Metformin at lower concentrations (1.25⁻2.5 mM) significantly induced adipogenesis while at higher concentrations (5⁻10 mM) metformin significantly inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The biphasic effect of different doses of metformin on adipogenesis was accompanied by increasing or decreasing the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Furthermore, only the higher concentrations of metformin induced the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and Akt. Pretreatment with compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, significantly countered high concentration of metformin-induced inhibition of adipogenesis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the effect of metformin on adipocyte differentiation is biphasic and dose-dependent. Lower concentrations of metformin induce adipogenesis, which could be mediated in an AMPK-independent manner, while higher concentrations of metformin inhibit adipogenesis via AMPK activation.
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Registered trials
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