ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2018
Influenza vaccination of cancer patients during PD-1 blockade induces serological protection but may raise the risk for immune-related adverse events.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- [COVID-19 vaccination in patients suffering from respiratory diseases. Update of 25th June 2021].Revue des maladies respiratoires · 2021Guideline
- Influenza vaccination in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review.European journal of clinical investigation · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vaccine safety for individuals receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A narrative review of current literature and recommendations for future research.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibition enhances memory T-cell responses to CEF(T), SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Pygenic acid A, a small-molecule PD-1/SHP-2 inhibitor, enhances efficacy of therapeutic melanoma vaccines and prophylactic influenza vaccines.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Current Vaccination Principles and Practices in Adult Cancer Patients.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2026Review
- PD-1 blockade does not enhance alloimmunization after allogeneic dendritic cell vaccination in cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Associations between immune checkpoint inhibitor response, immune-related adverse events, and steroid use in RADIOHEAD: a prospective pan-tumor cohort study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Effect of Anti-Programmed Cell Death-1 Antibody on Middle Ear Mucosal Immune Response to Intranasal Administration ofVaccines · 2025Article
- PD-1 suppresses human CD38Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Impact of systemic anticancer therapy timing on cancer vaccine immunogenicity: a review.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- De novo myasthenia gravis in a patient with malignant melanoma after concurrent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Case report and literature review.eNeurologicalSci · 2024Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Vaccination: Assessing Safety, Efficacy, and Synergistic Potential.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Safety of nivolumab monotherapy in five cancer types: pooled analysis of post-marketing surveillance in Japan.International journal of clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Real-Life Experience in the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Advanced Cirrhosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibiting antibodies were introduced into routine clinical practice for cancer patients. Checkpoint blockade has led to durable remissions in some patients, but may also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Lung cancer patients show an increased risk for complications, when infected with influenza viruses. Therefore, vaccination is recommended. However, the efficacy and safety of influenza vaccination during checkpoint blockade and its influence on irAEs is unclear. Similarly, the influence of vaccinations on T cell-mediated immune reactions in patients during PD-1 blockade remains poorly defined.
methodsWe vaccinated 23 lung cancer patients and 11 age-matched healthy controls using a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine to investigate vaccine-induced immunity and safety during checkpoint blockade.
resultsWe did not observe significant differences between patients and healthy controls in vaccine-induced antibody titers against all three viral antigens. Influenza vaccination resulted in protective titers in more than 60% of patients/participants. In cancer patients, the post-vaccine frequency of irAEs was 52.2% with a median time to occurrence of 3.2 months after vaccination. Six of 23 patients (26.1%) showed severe grade 3/4 irAEs. This frequency of irAEs might be higher than the rate previously published in the literature and the rate observed in a non-study population at our institution (all grades 25.5%, grade 3/4 9.8%).
conclusionsAlthough this is a non-randomized trial with a limited number of patients, the increased rate of immunological toxicity is concerning. This finding should be studied in a larger patient population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.