ArticleJournal of molecular biology2018
Influence of gag and RRE Sequences on HIV-1 RNA Packaging Signal Structure and Function.
Article in Journal of molecular biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transcription start site heterogeneity controls MDA5 sensing of unspliced HIV-1 RNAs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- 5' cap sequestration is required for sensing of unspliced HIV-1 RNA by MDA5.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 single-transcription start-site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 single transcription start site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Structural and computational studies of HIV-1 RNA.RNA biology · 2024Review
- Human Retrovirus Genomic RNA Packaging.Viruses · 2022Review
- A novel role for gag as a cis-acting element regulating RNA structure, dimerization and packaging in HIV-1 lentiviral vectors.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Stability and conformation of the dimeric HIV-1 genomic RNA 5'UTR.Biophysical journal · 2021Article
- 5'-Cap sequestration is an essential determinant of HIV-1 genome packaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Review
- HIV-based lentiviral vectors: origin and sequence differences.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2021Article
- HIV-1 sequences in lentiviral vector genomes can be substantially reduced without compromising transduction efficiency.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- To "Z" or not to "Z": Z-RNA, self-recognition, and the MDA5 helicase.PLoS genetics · 2021Review
- The TOP vector: a new high-titer lentiviral construct for delivery of sgRNAs and transgenes to primary T cells.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2021Article
- By Regulating the NLRP3 Inflammasome Can Reduce the Release of Inflammatory Factors in the Co-Culture Model of Tuberculosis H37Ra Strain and Rat Microglia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- HIV Rev-isited.Open biology · 2020Review
- NMR Studies of Retroviral Genome Packaging.Viruses · 2020Review
- CpG Dinucleotides Inhibit HIV-1 Replication through Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP)-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Stable integrant-specific differences in bimodal HIV-1 expression patterns revealed by high-throughput analysis.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The packaging signal (Ψ) and Rev-responsive element (RRE) enable unspliced HIV-1 RNAs' export from the nucleus and packaging into virions. For some retroviruses, engrafting Ψ onto a heterologous RNA is sufficient to direct encapsidation. In contrast, HIV-1 RNA packaging requires 5' leader Ψ elements plus poorly defined additional features. We previously defined minimal 5' leader sequences competitive with intact Ψ for HIV-1 packaging, and here examined the potential roles of additional downstream elements. The findings confirmed that together, HIV-1 5' leader Ψ sequences plus a nuclear export element are sufficient to specify packaging. However, RNAs trafficked using a heterologous export element did not compete well with RNAs using HIV-1's RRE. Furthermore, some RNA additions to well-packaged minimal vectors rendered them packaging-defective. These defects were rescued by extending gag sequences in their native context. To understand these packaging defects' causes, in vitro dimerization properties of RNAs containing minimal packaging elements were compared to RNAs with sequence extensions that were or were not compatible with packaging. In vitro dimerization was found to correlate with packaging phenotypes, suggesting that HIV-1 evolved to prevent 5' leader residues' base pairing with downstream residues and misfolding of the packaging signal. Our findings explain why gag sequences have been implicated in packaging and show that RRE's packaging contributions appear more specific than nuclear export alone. Paired with recent work showing that sequences upstream of Ψ can dictate RNA folds, the current work explains how genetic context of minimal packaging elements contributes to HIV-1 RNA fate determination.
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