Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29785878›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2018

Five-Year Outcomes with PCI Guided by Fractional Flow Reserve.

Panagiotis Xaplanteris, Stephane Fournier, Nico H J Pijls, William F Fearon, Emanuele Barbato, Pim A L Tonino, Thomas Engstrøm, Stefan Kääb, Jan-Henk Dambrink, Gilles Rioufol and 17 more

5 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 355 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
355citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
96.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05392959 phase4terminatedstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Effect of the Antidiabetic Drug DAPAgliflozin on the Coronary Macrovascular and MICROvascular Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Ran2022Enrolled4Registered outcomes3Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsDapagliflozin 10 mg Tab, Placebo
PMID 20609968PMID 25538310PMID 25488697PMID 28254770PMID 7586302PMID 22340827PMID 21126613PMID 20566676PMID 19144937PMID 15466646PMID 14972422PMID 12821539other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT01132495 nacompletednot on this map

Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Plus Optimal Medical Treatment Versus Optimal Medical Treatment Alone in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorAbbott Medical DevicesRan2010 to 2015Enrolled1,170ConditionsCoronary Artery DiseaseArmsStenting plus OMT, OMT, Standard of care
NCT04048005 unknown statusnot on this map

RELATionship bEtween Lesion-level Invasive Fractional Flow Reserve AND Endothelial Wall Shear Stress the RELATE FFR and WSS Study

TypeobservationalSponsorA.O.U. Città della Salute e della ScienzaRan2017 to 2020Enrolled200ConditionsStable Angina, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Coronary Artery DiseaseArmsFractional flow reserve
NCT04547231 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Impact of Stenosis and Plaque Features in Coronary CT Angiography, Physiologic Assessment and Pharmacotherapy on the Clinical Outcomes After Invasive Coronary Angiography

TypeobservationalSponsorSeoul National University HospitalRan2020 to 2025Enrolled992ConditionsCoronary Artery DiseaseArmsFractional flow reserve, Coronary CT angiography
NCT04975425 completednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Guiding Catheter on Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperemic Pressure Ratios for the Assessment of Coronary Artery Stenoses - Disengage @Rest

TypeobservationalSponsorFederico II UniversityRan2021 to 2022Enrolled200ConditionsCoronary Artery DiseaseArmsFractional Flow Reserve
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

355 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 844 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Influence of fractional flow reserve on grafts patency: Systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis.Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions · 2022
    Pooled it
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  14. Effects of percutaneous coronary intervention on dyspnea in stable coronary artery disease.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2023
    Trial
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  17. Evolocumab for prevention of microvascular dysfunction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the randomised, open-label EVOCATION trial.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2022
    Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Outcomes of quantitative flow ratio-based percutaneous coronary intervention in an all-comers study.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2022
    Trial
  20. Review

295 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors at 19 institutions in 13 countries.

Panagiotis XaplanterisFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Stephane FournierFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Nico H J PijlsFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
William F FearonFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Emanuele BarbatoFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Pim A L ToninoFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Thomas EngstrømFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Stefan KääbFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Jan-Henk DambrinkFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Gilles RioufolFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Gabor G TothFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Zsolt PirothFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Nils WittFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Ole FröbertFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Petr KalaFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Axel LinkeFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Nicola JagicFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Martin MatesFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Kreton MavromatisFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Habib SamadyFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Anand IrimpenFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Keith OldroydFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Gianluca CampoFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Martina RothenbühlerFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Peter JüniFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
Bernard De BruyneFrom the Cardiovascular Center Aalst, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium (P.X., S.F., E.B., G.G.T., B.D.B.); the Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven (N.H.J.P., P.A.L.T.), and Isala Klinieken, Zwolle (J.-H.D.) - all in the Netherlands; Stanford University Medical Center and Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care Systems, Stanford, CA (W.F.F.); Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen (T.E.); Klinikum der Universität München-Campus-Innenstadt, Munich (S.K.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig (A.L.), and Heart Center Dresden, Dresden (A.L.) - all in Germany; the Cardiovascular Hospital, Lyon, France (G.R.); Gottsegen Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary (G.G.T., Z.P.); Karolinska Institutet at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (N.W.), and Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (O.F.) - both in Sweden; Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno (P.K.), and Na Homolce Hospital, Prague (M.M.) - both in the Czech Republic; Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia (N.J.); Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur (K.M.), and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (H.S.) - both in Georgia; Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans (A.I.); Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom (K.O.); Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedalieria Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, and Maria Cecilia Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Cotignola - both in Italy (G.C.); Clinical Trials Unit Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.R.); and the Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto (P.J.).
FAME 2 Investigators
Onze Lieve Vrouwziekenhuis Hospital · BEEindhoven University of Technology · NLGottsegen National Cardiovascular Center · HUAtlanta VA Medical Center · USClinical Centre of Kragujevac · RSEmory University · USGolden Jubilee National Hospital · GBGroundwater Center · DEIsala · NLKarolinska Institutet · SEMaria Cecilia Hospital · ITNa Homolce Hospital · CZÖrebro University Hospital · SERigshospitalet · DKStanford Health Care · USSt. Michael's Hospital · CATulane University · USUniversity Hospital Brno · CZUniversity of Bern · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe hypothesized that fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) would be superior to medical therapy as initial treatment in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

methodsAmong 1220 patients with angiographically significant stenoses, those in whom at least one stenosis was hemodynamically significant (FFR, ≤0.80) were randomly assigned to FFR-guided PCI plus medical therapy or to medical therapy alone. Patients in whom all stenoses had an FFR of more than 0.80 received medical therapy and were entered into a registry. The primary end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization.

resultsA total of 888 patients underwent randomization (447 patients in the PCI group and 441 in the medical-therapy group). At 5 years, the rate of the primary end point was lower in the PCI group than in the medical-therapy group (13.9% vs. 27.0%; hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.63; P<0.001). The difference was driven by urgent revascularizations, which occurred in 6.3% of the patients in the PCI group as compared with 21.1% of those in the medical-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.41). There were no significant differences between the PCI group and the medical-therapy group in the rates of death (5.1% and 5.2%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.75) or myocardial infarction (8.1% and 12.0%; hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.00). There was no significant difference in the rate of the primary end point between the PCI group and the registry cohort (13.9% and 15.7%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.39). Relief from angina was more pronounced after PCI than after medical therapy.

conclusionsIn patients with stable coronary artery disease, an initial FFR-guided PCI strategy was associated with a significantly lower rate of the primary composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization at 5 years than medical therapy alone. Patients without hemodynamically significant stenoses had a favorable long-term outcome with medical therapy alone. (Funded by St. Jude Medical and others; FAME 2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01132495 .).

Indexed as

Fractional Flow Reserve, MyocardialPercutaneous Coronary InterventionAgedAngina PectorisAntihypertensive AgentsCoronary DiseaseCoronary StenosisDrug-Eluting StentsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsPlatelet Aggregation Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID29785878
OpenAlexW2803470415

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.