ArticleJournal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS2018
Effects of Ketamine Compared with Urethane Anesthesia on Vestibular Sensory Evoked Potentials and Systemic Physiology in Mice.
Article in Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Genes Affecting Endocochlear Potential.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of pretreatment with low-dose Esketamine on the Propofol requirements and the onset time of cisatracurium during the induction of general anesthesia: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Opioid-reduced anesthesia based on esketamine in gynecological day surgery: a randomized double-blind controlled study.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Trial
- High frame ratebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms ofVirulence · 2025Article
- The dorsal column nuclei scale mechanical sensitivity in naive and neuropathic pain states.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Identification of Key Genes in Esketamine's Therapeutic Effects on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders via Transcriptome Sequencing.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular function and autonomic regulation in urethane-anesthetized and conscious mice.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025Article
- Existence of multiple transitions of the critical state due to anesthetics.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Parabrachial Nucleus Activity in Nociception and Pain in Awake Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- What to consider for ECG in mice-with special emphasis on telemetry.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2023Review
- High-resolution relaxometry-based calibrated fMRI in murine brain: Metabolic differences between awake and anesthetized states.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
- Warning and Nursing Experience of Anesthesia Depth Monitoring for Patients with General Anesthesia Delayed to Leave Anesthesia Recovery Room and Delirium.Emergency medicine international · 2022Article
- Modulation of tactile feedback for the execution of dexterous movement.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Effects of Several Therapeutic Agents on Mammalian Vestibular Function: Meclizine, Diazepam, and JNJ7777120.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2021Article
- Influence of anesthetic induction of propofol combined with esketamine on perioperative stress and inflammatory responses and postoperative cognition of elderly surgical patients.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Oxygen inhalation improves postoperative survival in ketamine-xylazine anaesthetised rats: An observational study.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The injectable anesthetic mixture ketamine-xylazine is commonly used for electrophysiologic experiments in laboratory animals, especially rodents. General anesthesia can induce significant changes in systemic physiology, including those that compromise neural function, thus introducing research confounds. The extent of such concerns varies by agent. Here in mice, we compared the effects of ketamine-xylazine and urethane-xylazine anesthesia on systemic physiologic parameters and the vestibular sensory evoked potential (VsEP), a tool used commonly to assess peripheral vestibular function. Urethane-xylazine anesthesia provided longer anesthesia, prolonged survival times, and less compromised respiratory and cardiovascular function, compared with ketamine-xylazine. In the absence of countermeasures, mice anesthetized with either ketamine-xylazine or urethane-xylazine showed evidence of hypoxemia and fluctuations in brain temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, and VsEP response latency. The levels of hypoxemia had no effect on VsEP response parameters over the period of study (2 to 5 h). Hypoxemia was effectively countered with O2 supplementation, which stabilized respiratory rates and improved mean survival times by 160% in mice anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine. Monitoring and controlling brain temperature reduced variation in VsEP latency. VsEP thresholds, latencies, and amplitudes did not differ between mice under ketamine-xylazine compared with urethane-xylazine when the brain temperature was held at the same set point. These findings demonstrate that urethane-xylazine provides improved systemic physiologic conditions during anesthesia in mice and may be substituted for ketamine-xylazine in studies using the VsEP to evaluate peripheral vestibular function. Such advantages may prove useful to research in other neuroscience areas and might reduce the number of animals used to achieve adequate sample sizes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
29784077PMC5966234W2800402983What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.