ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2018
Cognitive Burden of Common Non-antiretroviral Medications in HIV-Infected Women.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comorbidities in women living with HIV: A systematic review.HIV medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical and behavioral predictors of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder among people with HIV who use substances: a secondary analysis of the HOPE trial.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Trial
- Longitudinal effects of polypharmacy on cognitive function in people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- The Effects of Prescribed Medications on Depressive Symptoms and Neurocognitive Performance in People With HIV.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Serum NFL and neuropsychological performance over ∼8 years in women with and without HIV: a longitudinal repeated measures study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Identifying and distinguishing cognitive profiles among virally suppressed people with HIV.Neuropsychology · 2024Article
- Use of different anticholinergic scales and their correlation with anticholinergic symptom burden in a cohort of people living with HIV.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease in Women With and Without HIV.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Verbal Memory Performance and Depressive Symptoms in Persons with Treated HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Delirium among people aging with and without HIV: Role of alcohol and Neurocognitively active medications.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- T-cell activation state differentially contributes to neuropsychiatric complications in women with HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Anticholinergic and Sedative Medications Are Associated With Neurocognitive Performance of Well Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Class-Based Antiretroviral Exposure and Cognition Among Women Living with HIV.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- Degree of Polypharmacy and Cognitive Function in Older Women with HIV.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- The association between benzodiazepine use and greater risk of neurocognitive impairment is moderated by medical burden in people with HIV.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Polypharmacy in older adults with HIV infection: Effects on the brain.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
- Body Mass Index and Leptin Are Related to Cognitive Performance Over 10 Years in Women With and Without HIV Infection.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Observational
- Tablet-Based Cognitive Impairment Screening for Adults With HIV Seeking Clinical Care: Observational Study.JMIR mental health · 2021Article
- Dietary intake is associated with neuropsychological impairment in women with HIV.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection in Women: Insights from the WIHS Cohort.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aging HIV population has increased comorbidity burden and consequently non-antiretroviral medication utilization. Many non-antiretroviral medications have known neurocognitive-adverse effects ("NC-AE medications"). We assessed the cognitive effects of NC-AE medications in HIV+ and HIV- women.
methodsOne thousand five hundred fifty-eight participants (1037 HIV+; mean age 46) from the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed a neuropsychological test battery between 2009 and 2011. The total number of NC-AE medications and subgroups (eg, anticholinergics) were calculated based on self-report. Generalized linear models for non-normal data were used to examine the cognitive burden of medications and factors that exacerbate these effects.
resultsHIV+ women reported taking more NC-AE medications vs. HIV- women (P < 0.05). NC-AE medication use altogether was not associated with cognitive performance. However, among NC-AE medication subgroups, anticholinergic-acting medications, but not opioids or anxiolytics/anticonvulsants, were negatively associated with performance. HIV status moderated the association between these NC-AE medication subgroups and performance (P's < 0.05). HIV-serostatus differences (HIV- < HIV+) in global, learning, fluency, and motor function were greatest among women taking >1 anticholinergic medications. HIV-serostatus differences in performance on learning and psychomotor speed were also greatest among women taking 1 or more anxiolytics/anticonvulsants and 1 or more opioids, respectively.
conclusionsHIV+ women have increased cognitive vulnerabilities to anticholinergic, anxiolytic/anticonvulsant, and opioid medications. Potential synergy between these medications and HIV may explain some HIV-related cognitive impairments. It may be important clinically to consider these specific types of medications as a contributor to impaired cognitive performance in HIV+ women and assess the cost/benefit of treatment dosage for underlying conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.