ArticleNutrition and cancer2018
Associations of Whole and Refined Grain Intakes with Adiposity-Related Cancer Risk in the Framingham Offspring Cohort (1991-2013).
Article in Nutrition and cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Sugar, and Fiber Intake in Association With Breast Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Association of whole grains intake and the risk of digestive tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2020Pooled it
- Biofortification of Vegetables with Iodine and Molybdenum for Healthy Nutrition: A Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Long-term wholegrain intake in line with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 and risk of breast cancer in a population-based cohort of women.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of whole grain food consumption with lung cancer risk: a prospective cohort study.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Advanced and Aggressive Forms of Prostate Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Article
- Fiber-type prebiotics and gynecological and breast cancers risk: the PrebiotiCa study.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Humanistic Health Management and Cancer: Associations of Psychology, Nutrition, and Exercise with Cancer Progression and Pathogenesis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Longitudinal dimensions of alcohol consumption and dietary intake in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort (1971-2008).The British journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Grain and dietary fiber intake and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Article
- Perspective: Whole and Refined Grains and Health-Evidence Supporting "Make Half Your Grains Whole".Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- Premenopausal breast cancer is a health challenge: nutritional habits show potential to prevent this disease.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2020Article
- Plant Foods, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mortality: A Review of the Evidence.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Review
- Review
- Perspective: Refined Grains and Health: Genuine Risk, or Guilt by Association?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Case-control studies suggest that higher whole grain and lower refined grain intakes are associated with reduced cancer risk, but longitudinal evidence is limited. The objective of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate associations between whole and refined grains and their food sources in relation to adiposity-related cancer risk. Participants were adults from the Framingham Offspring cohort (N = 3,184; ≥18 yr). Diet, measured using a food frequency questionnaire, medical and lifestyle data were collected at exam 5 (1991-95). Between 1991 and 2013, 565 adiposity-related cancers were ascertained using pathology reports. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations of whole and refined grains with risk of adiposity-related cancers combined and with risk of breast and prostate cancers in exploratory site-specific analyses. Null associations between whole and refined grains and combined incidence of adiposity-related cancers were observed in multivariable-adjusted models (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.71-1.23 and HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.70-1.38, respectively). In exploratory analyses, higher intakes of whole grains (oz eq/day) and whole grain food sources (servings/day) were associated with 39% and 47% lower breast cancer risk (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38-0.98 and HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.33-0.86, respectively). In conclusion, whole and refined grains were not associated with adiposity-related cancer risk. Whole grains may protect against breast cancer, but findings require confirmation within a larger sample and in other ethnic groups.
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