SynthesisEpidemiology and infection2018
Review analysis and impact of co-circulating H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Bangladesh.
Synthesis in Epidemiology and infection, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Public health risks and control measures associated with live animal and animal product trade in traditional food markets in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of H9N2 avian influenza virus in Bangladesh.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Harnessing a Surface Water-Based Multifaceted Approach to Combat Zoonotic Viruses: A Rural Perspective from Bangladesh and China.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b: Evolution, Global Spread, and Host Range Expansion.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Protective efficacy of bivalent inactivated avian influenza subtype H9N2 and Newcastle disease vaccines commercially available in Bangladesh.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- Emerging Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Causes Neurological Disease and Mortality in Scavenging Ducks in Bangladesh.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization of a highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N4) virus isolated from domestic chickens in Iraq during the 2015 HPAI H5N1 outbreak.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of innate immune responses in Sonali and broiler chickens infected with tribasic H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Antiviral responses versus virus-induced cellular shutoff: a game of thrones between influenza A virus NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Molecular epidemiology of avian influenza viruses and avian coronaviruses in environmental samples from migratory bird inhabitants in Bangladesh.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Determinants for the presence of avian influenza virus in live bird markets in Bangladesh: Towards an easy fix of a looming one health issue.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Article
- The One Health Epidemiology of Avian Influenza Infection in Bangladesh: Lessons Learned from the Past 15 Years.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Review
- H9N2 avian influenza virus dispersal along Bangladeshi poultry trading networks.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Bangladesh.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Village and farm-level risk factors for avian influenza infection on backyard chicken farms in Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of Avian Influenza Viruses among household ducks in Chattogram, Bangladesh.Veterinary research communications · 2022Article
- Novel and Alternative Therapeutic Strategies for Controlling Avian Viral Infectious Diseases: Focus on Infectious Bronchitis and Avian Influenza.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Almost the full range of 16 haemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has been detected either in waterfowl, land-based poultry or in the environment in Bangladesh. AIV infections in Bangladesh affected a wide range of host species of terrestrial poultry. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) H5N1 and low pathogenic AI H9N2 were found to co-circulate and be well entrenched in the poultry population, which has caused serious damage to the poultry industry since 2007. By reviewing the available scientific literature, the overall situation of AIVs in Bangladesh is discussed. All Bangladeshi (BD) H5N1 and H9N2 AIV sequences available at GenBank were downloaded along with other representative sequences to analyse the genetic diversity among the circulating AIVs in Bangladesh and to compare with the global situation. Three different H5N1 clades, 2.2.2, 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4.2, have been detected in Bangladesh. Only 2.3.2.1a is still present. The BD LP H9N2 viruses mostly belonged to the H9 G1 lineage but segregated into many branches, and some of these shared internal genes with HP viruses of subtypes H7N3 and H5N1. However, these reassortment events might have taken place before introduction to Bangladesh. Currently, H9N2 viruses continue to evolve their HA cleavage, receptor binding and glycosylation sites. Multiple mutations in the HA gene associated with adaptation to mammalian hosts were also observed. Strict biosecurity at farms and gradual phasing out of live-bird markets could be the key measures to better control AIVs, whereas stamping out is not a practicable option in Bangladesh. Vaccination also could be an additional tool, which however, requires careful planning. Continuous monitoring of AIVs through systematic surveillance and genetic characterisation of the viruses remains a hallmark of AI control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.