ArticleEpidemiology and infection2018
Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis on the KwaZulu-Natal Coast, South Africa, December 2016/January 2017.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Gastrointestinal Infection in South African Children under the Age of 5 years: A Mini Review.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2023Review
- Diarrhoea among Children Aged 5 Years and Microbial Drinking Water Quality Compliance: Trends Analysis Study in South Africa (2008-2018).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Spectre of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the ambient urban waters of Ahmedabad and Guwahati: A tale of two Indian cities.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Human land use impacts viral diversity and abundance in a New Zealand river.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Water Sources and Shellfish: A Focus on Africa.Food and environmental virology · 2021Review
- Assessment of socioeconomic inequality based on virus-contaminated water usage in developing countries: A review.Environmental research · 2021Review
- Natural Host-Environmental Media-Human: A New Potential Pathway of COVID-19 Outbreak.Engineering (Beijing, China) · 2020Article
- Viral indicators for tracking domestic wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment.Water research · 2020Review
- Investigation of two suspected diarrhoeal-illness outbreaks in Northern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, South Africa, April-July 2013: The role of rotavirus.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An unexpected increase in gastroenteritis cases was reported by healthcare workers on the KwaZulu-Natal Coast, South Africa, January 2017 with >600 cases seen over a 3-week period. A case-control study was conducted to identify the source and risk factors associated with the outbreak so as to recommend control and prevention measures. Record review identified cases and controls and structured-telephonic interviews were conducted to obtain exposure history. Stool specimens were collected from 20 cases along with environmental samples and both screened for enteric pathogens. A total of 126 cases and 62 controls were included in the analysis. The odds of developing gastroenteritis were 6.0 times greater among holiday makers than residents (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-17.7). Swimming in the lagoon increased the odds of developing gastroenteritis by 3.3 times (95% CI 1.06-10.38). Lagoon water samples tested positive for norovirus (NoV) GI.6, GII.3 and GII.6, astrovirus and rotavirus. Eleven (55%) stool specimens were positive for NoV with eight genotyped as GI.1 (n = 2), GI.5 (n = 3), GI.6 (n = 2), and GI.7 (n = 1). A reported sewage contamination event impacting the lagoon was the likely source with person-to-person spread perpetuating the outbreak. Restriction to swimming in the lagoon was apparently ineffective at preventing the outbreak, possibly due to inadequate enforcement, communication and signage strategies.
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