ReviewImmunology2018
Helper T-cell responses and pulmonary fungal infections.
Review in Immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the clinical manifestations and chest CT findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Independent Risk Factors and Nomogram-Based Prediction of Pulmonary Fungal Infection in Lung Cancer Inpatients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- Ubiquitin degradation of the Ribonuclease H2 subunit B Rnh2B regulates the virulence ofVirulence · 2025Article
- Aspergillus fumigatus biology, immunopathogenicity and drug resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Cryptococcal infection: host immunity, immune evasion and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Pulmonary Blastomycosis in Two Immunocompetent Patients: The Role of Obesity and Vitamin D Deficiency.Cureus · 2024Article
- Review
- Histoplasmosis in Taiwan: Case Summary and Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Histoplasmosis in Solid Organ Transplantation.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- T cell-specific P2RX7 favors lung parenchymal CD4Cell reports · 2023Article
- Insights on Covid-19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Pulmonary Histoplasmosis: A Clinical Update.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Adaptive immunology ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Harnessing the Immune Response to Fungal Pathogens for Vaccine Development.Annual review of microbiology · 2022Review
- Invasive mould infections in patients from floodwater-damaged areas after hurricane Harvey - a closer look at an immunocompromised cancer patient population.The Journal of infection · 2022Article
- Review
- T cell responses to control fungal infection in an immunological memory lens.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- The Interactions BetweenFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Programming Multifaceted Pulmonary T Cell Immunity by Combination Adjuvants.Cell reports. Medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The mucosal surface of the respiratory tract encounters microbes, such as fungal particles, with every inhaled breath. When pathogenic fungi breach the physical barrier and innate immune system within the lung to establish an infection, adaptive immunity is engaged, often in the form of helper CD4 T-cell responses. Type 1 responses, characterized by interferon-γ production from CD4 cells, promote clearance of Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Likewise, interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production from Th17 cells promotes immunity to Blastomyces dermatitidis and Coccidioides species infection by recruiting neutrophils. In contrast the development of T helper type 2 responses, characterized by IL-5 production from T cells and eosinophil influx into the lungs, drives allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and poor outcomes during C. neoformans infection. Experimental vaccines against several endemic mycoses, including Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus and Blastomyces dermatitidis, induce protective T-cell responses and foreshadow the development of vaccines against pulmonary fungal infections for use in humans. Additionally, recent work using antifungal T cells as immunotherapy to protect immune-compromised patients from opportunist fungal infections also shows great promise. This review covers the role of T-cell responses in driving protection and pathology in response to pulmonary fungal infections, and highlights promising therapeutic applications of antifungal T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.