Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29781117›Full record

ArticleCancer2018

PSA screening, prostate biopsy, and treatment of prostate cancer in the years surrounding the USPSTF recommendation against prostate cancer screening.

James T Kearns, Sarah K Holt, Jonathan L Wright, Daniel W Lin, Paul H Lange, John L Gore

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

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  7. Fee cuts for radiology and low-value imaging.International journal of health economics and management · 2025
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  14. Associations of Content and Context of Communication with Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

James T KearnsUniversity of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.ORCID 0000-0002-5416-4671
Sarah K HoltUniversity of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
Jonathan L WrightUniversity of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
Daniel W LinUniversity of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
Paul H LangeUniversity of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
John L GoreUniversity of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe 2012 United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against screening for prostate cancer has impacted rates of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and appears to be associated with declining prostate cancer incidence. Our objective was to characterize health care utilization that may explain these observed trends.

methodsMarketScan claims, which capture >30 million privately insured patients in the United States, were queried for all men aged 40-64 years for the years 2008-2014. PSA testing, prostate biopsy, prostate cancer diagnosis, and definitive local treatment were determined using associated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Current Procedural Terminology, Fourth Edition codes.

resultsThere were approximately 6 million qualifying men with a full year of data. PSA testing, prostate biopsy, and prostate cancer detection declined significantly between 2009 and 2014, most notably after 2011. The prostate biopsy rate per 100 patients with a PSA test decreased over the study period from 1.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92-1.97) to 1.52 (95% CI, 1.50-1.54). Prostate cancer incidence per prostate biopsy increased over the study period from 0.36 (95% CI, 0.35-0.36) to 0.39 (95% CI, 0.39-0.40). Of new prostate cancer diagnoses, the proportion managed with definitive local treatment decreased from 69% (95% CI, 69%-70%) to 54% (95% CI, 53%-55%). Both PSA testing and prostate cancer incidence decreased significantly after 2011 (P < .001).

conclusionIn a large cohort of privately insured men, PSA testing, prostate biopsy, prostate cancer incidence, and local definitive treatment for prostate cancer decreased between 2008 and 2014, most notably after 2011. This decrease may be driven by differential referral patterns from primary care providers to urologists. Cancer 2018;124:2733-2739. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

Indexed as

AdultAdvisory CommitteesAge FactorsBiopsyCohort StudiesEarly Detection of CancerFor-Profit Insurance PlansHumansIncidenceKallikreinsMaleMass ScreeningMiddle AgedPractice Guidelines as TopicPreventive Health ServicesProstateKallikreinsKLK3 protein, humanProstate-Specific Antigenprostate biopsyprostatectomyprostate-specific antigenprostatic neoplasmsscreening

Identifiers

PMID29781117

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.