ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2018
Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling and Current Approaches for Therapeutic Modulation in Synucleinopathies.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence on MSC Efficacy and Mechanism of Action in Neuropathic Pain Reduction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Pre-clinical Studies Identifying Molecular Pathways of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Beta-Glucan: A Macrophage Differentiation Modulator That Accelerates the Wound Healing Response.International wound journal · 2026Article
- Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate acute a-synuclein induced astrocyte inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut-Brain Inflammation and Disrupted Homeostasis Due to Activation of Mast Cells and Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Lactobacilli-Derived Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) in Host Immune Modulation.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Combined citicoline and Cerebrolysin for neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Bacterial and host interactions inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Current Perspectives of TLR2 Signalling in the Retina.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Betalains: A Narrative Review on Pharmacological Mechanisms Supporting the Nutraceutical Potential Towards Health Benefits.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative drugs after severe traumatic brain injury : A narrative review from a clinical perspective.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy with an antibody against CD1d modulates neuroinflammation in an α-synuclein transgenic model of Lewy body like disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Structural and functional characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Review
- An Update on Toll-like Receptor 2, Its Function and Dimerization in Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Post-inflammatory administration ofFASEB bioAdvances · 2023Article
- Toll-like receptors and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathways in Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of neurology · 2023Review
- Scratching the Surface Takes a Toll: Immune Recognition of Viral Proteins by Surface Toll-like Receptors.Viruses · 2022Review
- Alpha-synuclein supports type 1 interferon signalling in neurons and brain tissue.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Pericytes take up and degrade α-synuclein but succumb to apoptosis under cellular stress.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) is implicated as both beneficial and detrimental to health. Integral to this process are microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS. Microglia express a wide variety of pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, that detect changes in the neural environment. The activation of microglia and the subsequent proinflammatory response has become increasingly relevant to synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Within these diseases there is evidence of the accumulation of endogenous α-synuclein that stimulates an inflammatory response from microglia via the Toll-like receptors. There have been recent developments in both new and old pharmacological agents designed to target microglia and curtail the inflammatory environment. This review will aim to delineate the process of microglia-mediated inflammation and new therapeutic avenues to manage the response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.