ArticleJournal of autoimmunity2018
Prescription medication use and antinuclear antibodies in the United States, 1999-2004.
Article in Journal of autoimmunity, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The Art of Interpreting Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs) in Everyday Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Genetic relationships between systemic lupus erythematosus and a positive antinuclear antibody test in the absence of autoimmune disease.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Sex-specific relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and antinuclear antibodies in U.S. adults, NHANES 2001-2004.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Clinical diagnoses associated with a positive antinuclear antibody test in patients with and without autoimmune disease.BMC rheumatology · 2023Article
- A Possible Case of Nitrofurantoin-Associated Immune Thrombocytopenia in a Healthy 45-Year-Old Caucasian Female.Cureus · 2023Article
- Prevalence and clinical correlates of antinuclear antibody in patients with gastroparesis.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2022Article
- Sex-Specific Associations Between Serum Lipids, Antinuclear Antibodies, and Statin Use in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2004.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease and seroconversion after biological therapy.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Hygiene Hypothesis Indicators and Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies in US Adolescents.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClinical reports link specific medications with the development of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), but population-based evidence is limited.
objectiveThe present study investigated associations between prescription medication use and ANA in a representative sample of the adult noninstitutionalized US population, first focusing on medications previously related to ANA and then considering all medications reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
methodsBased on NHANES data (1999-2004) for 3608 adults (ages ≥18 years), we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess associations between recent medication use and ANA (overall and in sex and age subgroups), adjusted for potential confounders and the survey sampling design.
resultsWe found no evidence that most medications previously associated with ANA in specific individuals were risk factors for ANA in the general population, although statistical power was limited for some medications. Overall, ANA were less prevalent in adults who recently used any prescription medications compared with those who did not (OR = 0.73; CI = 0.57,0.93), and likewise several classes of medications were inversely associated with ANA, including hormones (OR = 0.73; CI = 0.55,0.98), thiazide diuretics (OR = 0.43; CI = 0.24,0.79), sulfonylureas (OR = 0.41; CI = 0.19,0.89), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (OR = 0.65; CI = 0.42,0.98). Positive associations with ANA were seen for loop diuretics (OR = 1.72; CI = 1.03,2.88) in all adults, and for benzodiazepines (OR = 2.11; CI = 1.09,4.10) and bronchodilators (OR = 1.83; CI = 1.00,3.38) in older (ages ≥60) adults. Estrogens were positively associated with ANA in older women (OR = 1.80; CI = 1.00,3.23) but inversely associated with ANA in younger (ages 18-59) women (OR = 0.43; CI = 0.20,0.93). Regarding individual medications, ANA were positively associated with ciprofloxacin (OR = 4.23; CI = 1.21,14.8), furosemide (OR = 1.79; CI = 1.09,2.93), and omeprazole (OR = 2.05; CI = 1.03,4.10) in all adults, and with salmeterol (OR = 3.76; CI = 1.66,8.52), tolterodine (OR = 6.64; CI = 1.45,30.5), and triamterene (OR = 3.10; CI = 1.08,8.88) in older adults. Also, in younger adults, hydrochlorothiazide was inversely associated with ANA (OR = 0.44; CI = 0.20,0.98).
conclusionsOur findings in the general population do not confirm most clinically reported positive associations between specific medications and ANA in some individuals. However, novel positive ANA associations with other medications, as well as unexplained inverse associations with certain classes of medications and overall medication use, deserve further research to clarify the possible roles of medications as risk and protective factors in the development of autoantibodies and autoimmune disease.
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