ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018
Effects of electronic cigarette liquid solvents propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin on user nicotine delivery, heart rate, subjective effects, and puff topography.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Vaping on Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Gingivitis, Periodontitis, and/or Peri-Implant Disease: A Systematic Review.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of smoked cannabis on tobacco cigarette smoking intensity and subjective effects: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subjects human laboratory study.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Twenty-four-hour subjective and pharmacological effects of ad-libitum electronic and combustible cigarette use among dual users.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- The Impact of E-liquid Propylene Glycol and Vegetable Glycerin Ratio on Ratings of Subjective Effects, Reinforcement Value, and Use in Current Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Acute effects of electronic nicotine delivery system liquid nicotine form and sweet enhancer among people who use inhaled tobacco products.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PMEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Article
- Effects of commercial unflavored and vanilla-flavored e-liquids on nicotine intake and withdrawal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Effects of freebase/protonated nicotine concentration, liquid composition and electrical power on throat hit in direct-to-lung vaping: theory and clinical measurements.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- The ratio of propylene glycol to glycerol modulates nicotine taste and reward: more glycerol, more reward.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Do the habits and preferences of heated-tobacco-product users affect the emission characteristics of nicotine, PG, and VG?Current research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Nicotine-free electronic vape fluid stimulates angiogenic processesFrontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- A multi-market comparison of composition, formulation, and label content of CBD e-liquids.iScience · 2024Article
- A multi-year characterization of confiscated vaping products from Virginia school youth.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2024Article
- A Review of the Toxicity of Ingredients in e-Cigarettes, Including Those Ingredients Having the FDA's "Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)" Regulatory Status for Use in Food.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Review
- Constraining electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) nicotine dose by controlling nicotine flux at a limited puff duration.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Assessment of human abuse potential of an unflavored, sucralose-sweetened electronic cigarette in combustible cigarette smokers.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Acute exposure to dihydroxyacetone promotes genotoxicity and chromosomal instability in lung, cardiac, and liver cell models.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Chemical Composition of Electronic Vaping Products From School Grounds in California.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- GC/HRMS Analysis of E-Liquids Complements In Vivo Modeling Methods and can Help to Predict Toxicity.ACS omega · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElectronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are a class of tobacco products that produce different effects (e.g., nicotine delivery), depending on the device, liquid, and behavioral factors. However, the influence of the two primary ECIG liquid solvents, propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), on ECIG acute effects is unknown.
methodsThirty ECIG-experienced, ≥12-h nicotine- abstinent participants completed four conditions consisting of two ECIG-use bouts (10 puffs, 30 s interpuff-interval) differing only by liquid PG:VG ratio (2PG:98VG, 20PG:80VG, 55PG:45VG, 100PG). Device power (7.3 W) and liquid nicotine concentration (18 mg/ml) remained constant. Nicotine delivery, subjective effects, heart rate (HR), and puff topography were assessed.
resultsIn the 100PG condition, participants took shorter and smaller puffs but obtained significantly more nicotine relative to the two VG-based conditions. Total nicotine exposure (i.e., area under the curve) was also significantly higher during use of the two PG-based liquids. However, participants reported that the 100 PG liquid was significantly less "pleasant" and "satisfying" relative to the other liquids (all ps < .05). Increases in HR and decreases in abstinence symptoms (e.g., "craving") did not differ across conditions.
conclusionsPG:VG ratio influenced nicotine delivery, some subjective effects, and puff topography. Lower overall product satisfaction associated with the 100PG liquid suggests factors other than nicotine delivery (e.g., aerosol visibility) may play a role in maintaining ECIG use. Regulating ECIG acute effects such as nicotine delivery and subjective effects may require simultaneous attention to liquid PG:VG ratio as well as device, liquid, and behavioral factors known to influence these outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.