ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018
Predicting pharmacy naloxone stocking and dispensing following a statewide standing order, Indiana 2016.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Leveraging the role of community pharmacists in the prevention, surveillance, and treatment of opioid use disorders.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2019Pooled it
- Implementation of an academic detailing intervention to increase naloxone distribution and foster engagement in harm reduction from the community clinician.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhATrial
- Availability of Naloxone in Retail Pharmacies Following Introduction of Over-the-Counter Status.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Naloxone training programs in corporately-owned versus independently-owned Alabama community pharmacies: A pilot cross-sectional survey.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Development of a brief stigma and perceptions questionnaire for pharmacists: An exploratory factor analysis approach in New York state counties enrolled in the healing communities study.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Investigating the complexity of naloxone distribution: Which policies matter for pharmacies and potential recipients.Journal of health economics · 2024Article
- Accessibility of Naloxone in Pharmacies Registered Under the Illinois Standing Order.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Implementation Documentation and Process Assessment of the PharmNet Intervention: Observational Report.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Come back when you're infected: pharmacy access to sterile syringes in an Arizona Secret Shopper Study, 2023.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- The PharmNet Harm Reduction Intervention for Community Pharmacies: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- A qualitative examination of naloxone access in three states: Connecticut, Kentucky, and Wisconsin.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Development of opioid rapid response system: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- Protocol for the Optimizing Naloxone Dispensing in Pharmacies (ONDP) Online Continuing Education Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Limited access to pharmacy-based naloxone in West Virginia: Results from a statewide purchase trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Pharmacy on-site overdose protocols and prevention of overdose.Substance abuse · 2022Article
- Socio-ecological and pharmacy-level factors associated with buprenorphine stocking at pharmacies in New York City.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Naloxone availability in independent community pharmacies in Georgia, 2019.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
- Naloxone's role in the national opioid crisis-past struggles, current efforts, and future opportunities.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Investigating Community Pharmacy Take Home Naloxone Dispensing during COVID-19: The Impact of One Public Health Crisis on Another.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- What Is Known about Community Pharmacy-Based Take-Home Naloxone Programs and Program Interventions? A Scoping Review.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile naloxone, the overdose reversal medication, has been available for decades, factors associated with its availability through pharmacies remain unclear. Studies suggest that policy and pharmacist beliefs may impact availability. Indiana passed a standing order law for naloxone in 2015 to increase access to naloxone.
objectiveTo identify factors associated with community pharmacy naloxone stocking and dispensing following the enactment of a statewide naloxone standing order.
methodsA 2016 cross-sectional census of Indiana community pharmacists was conducted following a naloxone standing order. Community, pharmacy, and pharmacist characteristics, and pharmacist attitudes about naloxone dispensing, access, and perceptions of the standing order were measured. Modified Poisson and binary logistic regression models attempted to predict naloxone stocking and dispensing, respectively.
resultsOver half (58.1%) of pharmacies stocked naloxone, yet 23.6% of pharmacists dispensed it. Most (72.5%) pharmacists believed the standing order would increase naloxone stocking, and 66.5% believed it would increase dispensing. Chain pharmacies were 3.2 times as likely to stock naloxone. Naloxone stocking was 1.6 times as likely in pharmacies with more than one full-time pharmacist. Pharmacies where pharmacists received naloxone continuing education in the past two years were 1.3 times as likely to stock naloxone. The attempted dispensing model yielded no improvement over the constant-only model.
conclusionsPharmacies with larger capacity took advantage of the naloxone standing order. Predictors of pharmacist naloxone dispensing should continue to be explored to maximize naloxone access.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.