SynthesisEuropean journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society2018
Outcomes following severe hand foot and mouth disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Asymptomatic viruses detectable in saliva in the first year of life: a narrative review.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- Temporal relationships between climate variables and hand-foot-mouth disease: a multi-province study in the Mekong Delta Region, Vietnam.International journal of biometeorology · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of precipitation patterns on the risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Southwest China: insight from a disease burden perspective.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Temperature-based spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hand, foot, and mouth disease transmission in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- In Vitro Discovery of a Therapeutic Lead for HFMD From a Library Screen of Rocaglates/Aglains.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Assessing the modification impact of vaccination on the relationship of the Discomfort Index with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guizhou: A multicounty study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Structural insight into EV-A71 3A protein and its interaction with a peptide inhibitor.Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- Acute and post-acute neurological manifestations of COVID-19: present findings, critical appraisal, and future directions.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Molecular Mechanisms in the Genesis of Seizures and Epilepsy Associated With Viral Infection.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2022Review
- Long-term neurodevelopment outcomes of hand, foot and mouth disease inpatients infected with EV-A71 or CV-A16, a retrospective cohort study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Structure activity relationship of novel antiviral nucleosides against Enterovirus A71.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2020Article
- Association between diurnal temperature range and outpatient visits for hand, foot, and mouth disease in Hefei, China: a distributed lag nonlinear analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- COVID-19 Infection and Neurological Complications: Present Findings and Future Predictions.Neuroepidemiology · 2020Review
- Development and comparison of forecast models of hand-foot-mouth disease with meteorological factors.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is associated with acute neurological disease in children. This study aimed to estimate the burden of long-term sequelae and death following severe HFMD.
methodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis pooled all reports from English and Chinese databases including MEDLINE and Wangfang on outbreaks of clinically diagnosed HFMD and/or laboratory-confirmed EV-A71 with at least 7 days' follow-up published between 1st January 1966 and 19th October 2015. Two independent reviewers assessed the literature. We used a random effects meta-analysis to estimate cumulative incidence of neurological sequelae or death. Studies were assessed for methodological and reporting quality. PROSPERO registration number: 10.15124/CRD42015021981.
findings43 studies were included in the review, and 599 children from 9 studies were included in the primary analysis. Estimated cumulative incidence of death or neurological sequelae at maximum follow up was 19.8% (95% CI:10.2%, 31.3%). Heterogeneity (Iˆ2) was 88.57%, partly accounted for by year of data collection and reporting quality of studies. Incidence by acute disease severity was 0.00% (0.00, 0.00) for grade IIa; 17.0% (7.9, 28.2) for grade IIb/III; 81.6% (65.1, 94.5) for grade IV (p = 0.00) disease.
conclusionsHFMD with neurological involvement is associated with a substantial burden of long-term neurological sequelae. Grade of acute disease severity was a strong predictor of outcome. Strengths of this study include its bilingual approach and clinical applicability. Future prospective and interventional studies must use rigorous methodology to assess long-term outcomes in survivors.
fundingThere was no specific funding for this study. See below for researcher funding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.