Observational studyBMJ open2018
Determining the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage required for indirect protection against vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage in low and middle-income countries: a protocol for a prospective observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Immunogenicity of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in a High-risk Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial of 10-Valent and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Papua New Guinean Infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Aetiology of acute respiratory infection in Vientiane, Lao PDR, from a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and clinical and demographic characteristics on pneumococcal carriage density in young children in Papua New Guinea, Lao PDR, and Mongolia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A narrative review on the effectiveness of PPSV23 vaccination in adults in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Clinical predictors of hypoxic pneumonia in children from the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: secondary analysis of two prospective observational studies.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- Variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 14 from Papua New Guinea with the Potential to Be Mistyped and Escape Vaccine-Induced Protection.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Evaluation strategies for measuring pneumococcal conjugate vaccine impact in low-resource settings.Expert review of vaccines · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against hypoxic pneumonia and hospitalisation in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: An observational cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Colonization Density Is Associated With Severe Pneumonia in Young Children in the Lao People's Democratic Republic.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- Haemophilus influenzae serotype b seroprevalence in central Lao PDR before and after vaccine introduction.PloS one · 2022Article
- Direct and indirect effects of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal carriage in children hospitalised with pneumonia from formal and informal settlements in Mongolia: an observational study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2021Article
- Australia's Role in Pneumococcal and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Evaluation in Asia-Pacific.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Observational
- The effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against hypoxic pneumonia in children in Lao People's Democratic Republic: An observational hospital-based test-negative study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2020Article
- Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Colonization and Invasive Disease in Cambodian Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda.Nature · 2019Review
- Effect of ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on pneumococcal carriage in Fiji: results from four annual cross-sectional carriage surveys.The Lancet. Global health · 2018Article
- Estimating the cost-effectiveness of an infant 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine national immunization program in China.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 13 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent disease through both direct protection of vaccinated individuals and indirect protection of unvaccinated individuals by reducing nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage and transmission of vaccine-type (VT) pneumococci. While the indirect effects of PCV vaccination are well described, the PCV coverage required to achieve the indirect effects is unknown. We will investigate the relationship between PCV coverage and VT carriage among undervaccinated children using hospital-based NP pneumococcal carriage surveillance at three sites in Asia and the Pacific. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We are recruiting cases, defined as children aged 2-59 months admitted to participating hospitals with acute respiratory infection in Lao People's Democratic Republic, Mongolia and Papua New Guinea. Thirteen-valent PCV status is obtained from written records. NP swabs are collected according to standard methods, screened using ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been obtained from the relevant ethics committees at participating sites. The results are intended for publication in open-access peer-reviewed journals and will demonstrate methods suitable for low- and middle-income countries to monitor vaccine impact and inform vaccine policy makers about the PCV coverage required to achieve indirect protection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.