ArticleBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2018
Transdiagnostic Effects of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cue Reactivity.
Article in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Blinded, Randomized Trial Comparing the Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Theta Burst Stimulation in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Frontal E/I Balance Mediation of tACS Effects on Behavioral Flexibility
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Alcohol Craving, Efficacy, Emotion, and Cognitive Function in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: A consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Pooled it
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Theta Burst Stimulation for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Three-Month Feasibility and Brain Target Engagement Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of intermittent theta burst stimulation to the medial prefrontal cortex for tobacco use disorder: Clinical efficacy and safety.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- A preliminary randomized controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in treatment seeking participants with cannabis use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- Effects of 10 add-on HF-rTMS treatment sessions on alcohol use and craving among detoxified inpatients with alcohol use disorder: a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Trial
- Probing the neurochemical mechanisms of rTMS for alcohol use disorder: Results from a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover, proton MR Spectroscopy study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Scalp-to-Cortex Distance: Implications for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Efficacy in Alcohol Use Disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- The power of context: Enhancing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effects through skillful behavior.Behavioural brain research · 2026Article
- Article
- Do response times add to self-reported craving? A secondary analysis of a neuromodulation trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cocaine use disorder and the risk of seizure: a review of the evidence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution Model of Drug Addiction: Recent Neuroimaging Evidence and Future Directions.Annual review of psychology · 2026Review
- The Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: Neural Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Directions.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Review
- Article
- White matter neural substrates in alcohol dependence with genetic risk and their role in pathological reward process.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cocaine Cues Used in Experimental Research: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Targeting VMPFC-amygdala circuit with TMS in substance use disorder: A mechanistic framework.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- Inhibitory control in the sober state as a function of alcohol sensitivity: a pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation and mindfulness as therapeutic treatment in detoxified patients with alcohol use disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElevated frontal and striatal reactivity to drug cues is a transdiagnostic hallmark of substance use disorders. The goal of these experiments was to determine if it is possible to decrease frontal and striatal reactivity to drug cues in both cocaine users and heavy alcohol users through continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC).
methodsTwo single-blinded, within-subject, active sham-controlled experiments were performed wherein neural reactivity to drug/alcohol cues versus neutral cues was evaluated immediately before and after receiving real or sham cTBS (110% resting motor threshold, 3600 pulses, Fp1 location; N = 49: 25 cocaine users [experiment 1], 24 alcohol users [experiment 2]; 196 total functional magnetic resonance imaging scans). Generalized psychophysiological interaction and three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to evaluate cTBS-induced changes in drug cue-associated functional connectivity between the left VMPFC and eight regions of interest: ventral striatum, left and right caudate, left and right putamen, left and right insula, and anterior cingulate cortex.
resultsIn both experiments, there was a significant interaction between treatment (real/sham) and time (pre/post). In both experiments, cue-related functional connectivity was significantly attenuated following real cTBS versus sham cTBS. There was no significant interaction with region of interest for either experiment.
conclusionsThis is the first sham-controlled investigation to demonstrate, in two populations, that VMPFC cTBS can attenuate neural reactivity to drug and alcohol cues in frontostriatal circuits. These results provide an empirical foundation for future clinical trials that may evaluate the efficacy, durability, and clinical implications of VMPFC cTBS to treat addictions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.