ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018
Adolescent smokers' response to reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes: Acute effects on withdrawal symptoms and subjective evaluations.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory Approaches and Implementation of Minimally Addictive Combusted Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes: Literature Review and Gap Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Pooled it
- Reactions to a Nicotine Reduction Policy Among Adolescents Who Smoke: A Qualitative Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- The Impact of Reducing Nicotine Content on Adolescent Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Exposure: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Racial/ethnic differences in the acute effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes among adolescents who smoke.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Public Perceptions of Very Low Nicotine Content on Twitter: Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Observational
- Exploring the Link between Altitude of Residence and Smoking Patterns in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Qualitative reactions to a low nicotine product standard for cigarettes from adolescents and young adults living in the United States who smoke.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Non-nicotine constituents in cigarette smoke extract enhance nicotine addiction through monoamine oxidase A inhibition.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- A review of the evidence on cigarettes with reduced addictiveness potential.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Review
- Reactions to reduced nicotine content cigarettes in a sample of young adult, low-frequency smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Cigarette use, anxiety, and insomnia from adolescence to early adulthood: A longitudinal indirect effects test.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- Acute subjective sensory perceptions predict relative reinforcing effects of smoked nicotine.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- Withdrawal Symptoms among Cigarette and Waterpipe Smokers: A Study in Natural Setting.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2021Article
- Tobacco harm reduction: Past history, current controversies and a proposed approach for the future.Preventive medicine · 2020Review
- Nicotine reduction does not alter essential value of nicotine or reduce cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Behavioral economic demand and delay discounting are differentially associated with cigarette dependence and use in adolescents.Addictive behaviors · 2020Article
- Effects of Cigarette Nicotine Content and Menthol Preference on Perceived Health Risks, Subjective Ratings, and Carbon Monoxide Exposure Among Adolescent Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Anticipated Effects of Nicotine Reduction on Youth Smoking Initiation and Maintenance.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- The Debate About Nicotine Addiction and the Role of Medicinal Products: Commentary on Zeller.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMandating a reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes to a minimally addictive level could dramatically reduce smoking rates in the US. However, little is known about the effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes in adolescents.
methodsFollowing overnight abstinence, adolescent daily smokers (ages 15-19, n = 50) reported on their craving, withdrawal, and positive and negative affect pre- and post- ad lib smoking of one cigarette containing varying nicotine content (15.8, 5.2, 1.3 and 0.4 mg/g of tobacco) in the laboratory and reported their subjective evaluations of each cigarette. Carbon monoxide (CO) boost from pre- to post-cigarette was calculated to determine if lower-nicotine cigarettes led to differential acute changes in toxicant exposure.
resultsAll four nicotine cigarette types significantly reduced abstinence-induced craving, withdrawal, and negative affect (all p's < .05). Mixed models evaluating the effect of nicotine content, with nicotine dependence level and gender included as covariates, revealed a significant effect of nicotine content on craving and subjective evaluations: higher nicotine content resulted in greater reductions in craving and increases in both positive and negative subjective evaluations. There were no significant effects of nicotine dose on withdrawal symptoms, negative affect, or CO boost.
conclusionsThese results suggest that lower nicotine cigarettes might result in reduced abuse liability compared to higher nicotine content cigarettes due to reduced positive subjective effects, while still reducing withdrawal, in adolescents. These results highlight the potential feasibility of this policy approach and support continued research on how a nicotine reduction policy may affect adolescent smoking patterns.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.