ReviewJournal of neuroscience research2019
Neuroinflammation and microglia in glaucoma: time for a paradigm shift.
Review in Journal of neuroscience research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 138 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 236 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms with primary open angle glaucoma susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Bioscience reports · 2019Pooled it
- Retinal glial cells in glaucoma and age-related retinal diseases: Inflammatory responses, disease transitions, and translational perspectives.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Cognitive impairment in glaucoma.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- High Adhesion Superoleophobic Oil Microdroplets to Create Ocular Hypertension In Vivo.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Primary Cilia of Astrocytes in the Retina in Development and Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Extrinsic Regulation of Optic Nerve Axon Regeneration in the Adult Central Nervous System.Cells · 2026Review
- The Molecular Basis of Ocular Aging: Mechanisms, Pathologies, and Emerging Therapeutics.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Dual role of microglia in glaucoma: Regulation of neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The utility of aqueous and serum apolipoprotein E and galectin-3 as biomarkers of neuroinflammation in glaucoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- APSified Peripapillary Vessel Density in Glaucoma Suspects and Open-Angle Glaucoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Complement, Inflammasome, and Microglial Crosstalk in Glaucoma: From Neurodegeneration to Immune-Based Precision Therapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cell-intrinsic vulnerability and immune activation cooperate to drive degeneration in a mitochondrial complex I deficiency model of optic neuropathy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Interleukin-6/interleukin-10 ratio and immune dysregulation after radiofrequency ablation.World journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Dual immune armies in glaucoma: microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Experimental models to study oxidative stress in glaucoma: integratingFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Joint trajectories of obesity and depressive symptoms and risk of incident glaucoma: a 16-year prospective cohort study from the Health and Retirement Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Hyaluronic Acid-PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles Encapsulating Myricetin Attenuate NMDA-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury Associated with Microglia-Related Neuroinflammatory Responses.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Global research status in the treatment of glaucoma: a systematic bibliometric analysis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- FOXP2-Dependent Vulnerability of RGCs Under Acute Ocular Hypertension.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Independent associations of physical activity and depression with open-angle glaucoma in a population-based analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrigendum.2019
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disease with many clinical subtypes. Some of its rare forms include pigmentary glaucoma, uveitic glaucoma and congenital glaucoma. While they all share common features of progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, optic nerve damage and corresponding visual field loss, the exact mechanisms underlying glaucomatous neuron loss are not clear. This has largely hindered the development of a real cure for this disease. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a known major risk factor of glaucoma; however, progressive degeneration of RGCs and axons can also be found in patients with a normal IOP, i.e., normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Interestingly, patients who carry the gain-of-function mutation of the pro-inflammatory gene TBK1 - tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor NF-κB activator (TANK) binding kinase 1 - are at increased risk to develop NTG. This finding suggests a causal link between neuroinflammatory processes and glaucoma. Various studies have reported the presence of neuroinflammatory responses by microglia, astrocytes and other blood-born immune cells in the optic nerve head (ONH) at early stages of experimental glaucoma. Inhibition of certain pro-inflammatory pathways, particularly those associated with microglial activation, appears to be neuroprotective. In this review, we will focus on the inflammatory responses, in particular the proposed roles of microglia, in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.